Browsing by Author "Sallam, Ibrahim E"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Application of molecular imprinting approach for alkaloids analysis in food and nutraceuticals: review and perspective
(Springer Netherlands, 2023-10) Emara, Samy; Kamal, Maha; Sallam, Ibrahim E; Serag, Ahmed; Farag, Mohamed A
Alkaloids are major dietary components well known for their pharmacological activities. Herbal matrices require extensive processing due to their high level of complexity in order to isolate their alkaloidal contents. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are tailored receptors with a highly specific molecular recognition, which is the most important function of receptors. They can hence be utilized in applications wherein selective binding activities are of significance, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), chromatographic separation and chemical sensors. This review presents on recent applications of MIPs to analyze alkaloids in plants and bio-fluid samples as well as herbal formulations. We discuss the develop- ment of nano-sized MIPs for various applications, particularly in biomimetic sensors for electrochemical detection of various alkaloids. Due to its easier phase separation compared to common MISPEs, magnetic MISPEs were also discussed in order to explore the potential benefits of this approach for further phyto- chemical applications.
Effect of Gut Microbiota Biotransformation on Dietary Tannins and Human Health Implications
(MDPI, 4/29/2021) Sallam, Ibrahim E; Abdelwareth, Amr; Attia, Heba; Aziz, Ramy K; Homsi, Masun Nabhan; von Bergen, MArtin; Farag, Mohamed A
Tannins represent a heterogeneous group of high-molecular-weight polyphenols that are ubiquitous among plant families, especially in cereals, as well as in many fruits and vegetables. Hydrolysable and condensed tannins, in addition to phlorotannins from marine algae, are the main classes of these bioactive compounds. Despite their low bioavailability, tannins have many beneficial pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardioprotective effects. Microbiota-mediated hydrolysis of tannins produces highly bioaccessible metabolites, which have been extensively studied and account for most of the health effects attributed to tannins. This review article summarises the effect of the human microbiota on the metabolism of different tannin groups and the expected health benefits that may be induced by such mutual interactions. Microbial metabolism of tannins yields highly bioaccessible microbial metabolites that account for most of the systemic effects of tannins. This article also uses explainable artificial intelligence to define the molecular signatures of gut-biotransformed tannin metabolites that are correlated with chemical and biological activity. An understanding of microbiota–tannin interactions, tannin metabolism-related phenotypes (metabotypes) and chemical tannin-metabolites motifs is of great importance for harnessing the biological effects of tannins for drug discovery and other health benefits.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Biotransformation of Opuntia Ficus Fruit: The Effect of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Gut Microbiota Metabolism
(2022-11) Sallam, Ibrahim E; Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike; Schäpe, Stephanie Serena; Zaghloul, Soumaya S; El-Dine, Riham S; Shao, Ping; Bergen, Martin von; Farag, Mohamed A
Opuntia ficus-indica biological effects are attributed to several bioactive metabolites. How- ever, these actions could be altered in vivo by biotransformation reactions mainly via gut microbiota. This study assessed gut microbiota effect on the biotransformation of O. ficus-indica metabolites both in vitro and ex vivo. Two-time aliquots (0.5 and 24 h) from the in vitro assay were harvested post incubation of O. ficus-indica methanol extract with microbial consortium, while untreated and treated samples with fecal bacterial culture from the ex vivo assay were prepared. Metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS, with flavonoid glycosides completely hydrolyzed in vitro at 24 h being con- verted to two major metabolites, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and phloroglucinol, concurrent with an increase in the gallic acid level. In case of the ex vivo assay, detected flavonoid glycosides in untreated sample were completely absent from treated counterpart with few flavonoid aglycones and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in parallel to an increase in piscidic acid. In both assays, fatty and organic acids were completely hydrolyzed being used as energy units for bacterial growth. Chemometric tools were employed revealing malic and (iso)citric acids as the main discriminating metabolites in vitro showing an increased abundance at 0.5 h, whereas in ex vivo assay, (iso)citric, aconitic and mesaconic acids showed an increase at untreated sample. Piscidic acid was a significant marker for the ex vivo treated sample. DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays were further employed to determine whether these changes could be associated with changes in antioxidant activity, and all assays showed a decline in antioxidant potential post biotransformation.
Impact of different processing methods on the phenolics and neuroprotective activity of Fragaria ananassa Duch. extracts in a D-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced rat model of aging
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022-07) Ezzat, Marwa I; Issa, Marwa Y; Sallam, Ibrahim E; Zaafar, Dalia; Khalil, Heba M. A; Mousa, Mohamed R; Sabry, Dina; Gawish, Aya Y; Elghandour, Ahmed H; Mohsen, Engy
Age-related diseases, including dementia, are a major health concern affecting daily human life. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is the most eaten fruit worldwide due to its exceptional aroma and flavor. However, it’s rapid softening and decay limit its shelf-life. Freezing and boiling represent the well- known conservation methods to extend its shelf-life. Therefore, we aimed to discover the phytochemical content differences of fresh and processed strawberries associated with investigating and comparing their neuroprotective effects in a rat model of aging. Female Wistar rats were orally pretreated with fresh, boiled, and frozen F. ananassa methanolic extracts (250 mg kg−1 ) for 2 weeks, and then these extracts were concomitantly exposed to D-galactose [65 mg kg−1 , subcutaneously (S/C)] and AlCl3 (200 mg kg−1 , orally) for 6 weeks to develop aging-like symptoms. The results of UPLC/ESI-MS phytochemical profiling revealed 36 secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, and their glycoside derivatives. Compared with boiled and frozen extracts, the fresh extract ameliorated the behavioral deficits including anxiety and cognitive dysfunction, upregulated brain HO-1 and Nrf2 levels, and markedly reduced caspase-3 and PPAR-γ levels. Moreover, LDH and miRNA-9, 124 and 132 protein expressions were reduced. The histological architecture of the brain hippocampus was restored and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoexpression was downregulated. In conclusion, the fresh extract has neuroprotec- tive activity that could have a promising role in ameliorating age-related neurodegeneration.
Metabolomics-Based Approach for Coffee Beverage Improvement in the Context of Processing, Brewing Methods, and Quality Attributes
(MDPI, 18/03/2022) Farag, Mohamed A; Zayed, Ahmed; Sallam, Ibrahim E; Abdelwareth, Amr; Wessjohann, Ludger A
Coffee is a worldwide beverage of increasing consumption, owing to its unique flavor and several health benefits. Metabolites of coffee are numerous and could be classified on various bases, of which some are endogenous to coffee seeds, i.e., alkaloids, diterpenes, sugars, and amino acids, while others are generated during coffee processing, for example during roasting and brewing, such as furans, pyrazines, and melanoidins. As a beverage, it provides various distinct flavors, i.e., sourness, bitterness, and an astringent taste attributed to the presence of carboxylic acids, alkaloids, and chlorogenic acids. To resolve such a complex chemical makeup and to relate chemical composition to coffee effects, large-scale metabolomics technologies are being increasingly reported in the literature for proof of coffee quality and efficacy. This review summarizes the applications of various mass spectrometry (MS)- and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics technologies in determining the impact of coffee breeding, origin, roasting, and brewing on coffee chemical composition, and considers this in relation to quality control (QC) determination, for example, by classifying defected and non-defected seeds or detecting the adulteration of raw materials. Resolving the coffee metabolome can aid future attempts to yield coffee seeds of desirable traits and best flavor types.