Browsing by Author "Salem, Mohamed A."

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Anti-Obesity Effect of a Tea Mixture Nano-Formulation on Rats Occurs via the Upregulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Sirtuin-1/Glucose Transporter Type 4 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Pathways
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07) Salem, Mohamed A.; Aborehab, Nora M.; Abdelhafez, Mai M.; Ismail, Sameh H.; Maurice, Nadine W.; Azzam, May A.; Alseekh, Saleh; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Salama, Maha M.; Ezzat, Shahira M
White, green, and oolong teas are produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) and are reported to have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. The current study aims to investigate the anti-obesity effects of a tea mixture nano-formulation by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/GLUT-4 axis in rats. In vitro lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays were used to determine the active sample, which was then incorporated into a nanoparticle formulation subjected to in vivo anti-obesity testing in rats by measuring the expression level of different genes implicated in adipogenesis and inflammation using qRT-PCR. Moreover, metabolomic analysis was performed for each tea extract using LC/ESI MS/MS coupled to chemometrics in an attempt to find a correlation between the constituents of the extracts and their biological activity. The in vitro pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibition assays demonstrated more effective activity in the tea mixture than the standards, orlistat and acarbose, respectively, and each tea alone. Thus, the herbal tea mixture and its nanoparticle formulation were evaluated for their in vivo anti-obesity activity. Intriguingly, the tea mixture significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and triglycerides and increased the mRNA expression of GLUT-4, P-AMPK, Sirt-1, and PPAR-γ, which induce lipolysis while also decreasing the mRNA expression of TNF-α and ADD1/SREBP-1c, thereby inhibiting the inflammation associated with obesity. Our study suggests that the tea mixture nano-formulation is a promising therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and may also be beneficial in other metabolic disorders by targeting the AMPK/Sirt-1/Glut-4 pathway.
Application of Metabolomics in Emergency Phytochemical Poisoning and Remediation
(John Wiley and Sons, 2020-11) Salem, Mohamed A.; Zayed, Ahmed; Ezzat, Shahira M
relatively safe, and effective phytochemicals. However, natural does not necessarily mean safe. Many plants have been reported as toxic or natural killers in extremely high doses. Plant extracts are complex mixtures of thousands of primary as well as secondary metabolites. The biological activities and toxicities of plants are mostly attributed to secondary metabolites. The chemical diversity of secondary metabolites is a significant challenge in their analysis. This becomes even more complicated if they interact with biological systems. Therefore, there is no simple method of analysis that comprehensively covers the chemically diverse phytochemicals. Metabolomics has emerged as a comprehensive tool to analyze the total set of metabolites within a biological system. This chapter aims to discuss the technical use of metabolomics and its potential applications in emergency phytochemical poisoning and remediation
Bioactive lead compounds and molecular targets for the treatment of heart diseases
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 125 LONDON WALL, LONDON EC2Y 5AS, ENGLAND, 2020) Ezzat, Shahira M; Salama, Maha M; Salem, Mohamed A.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a group of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CADs) that are recognized as heart including angina attack and myocardial infarction. CVD is responsible for about 31.5% of all global deaths. About 92 million US adults suffer from CVD; this is expected to rise higher per the adult population by 2030 owing to augmentation in obesity and diabetes disorders, and consequently, healthcare services are overwhelmed with a huge load [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2016 [2],morethan18million individuals lose their life annually from CVD and 1.1 billion adults recorded increased blood pressure. Many of these people have been exposed to unhealthy lifestyle, tobacco habits, eating foods with high salt, and deficiency in physical practice. CVDis usually accompanied by atherosclerosis and an increased risk of blood clots. Other organs, heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes, might also be damaged in response to arteries injury. Therefore, CVD is regarded as a complex disease that results from the consequence of multiple pathogenic factors, which reflects the different interactions of many interconnected genes and their relevant products [3]. Chronic proatherogenic inflammation is one of the main causes of CVDs and its supplementary severe complications. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle for folding, releasing, and synthesizing secretory and transmembrane proteins. Any pathological stimuli such as hypoxia, ischemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress can change the homeostatic function of ER, and this results in the aggregation of unfolded proteins, a phenomena denoted as ER stress. This unfolded protein response, UPR (a complex signaling network), is triggered by ER stress. Massive investigations revealed that ER stress is one of the crucial phases in the progress of various CVDs such as heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Many pharmacological therapeutics are available for treating CVDs; however, the present drugs cause many adverse effects such as renal failure, rhabdomyolysis, and hemorrhagic with prolonged use. Natural products have always been regarded as a valuable source for the discovery of new drugs [4]. Drugs or those obtained from animals, plants, or microorganisms have a great role in human healthcare. They have recorded massive diversities chemically and pharmacologically. The drugs approved by the FDA constitute more than 50% natural products or derivatives [
Optimization of an Extraction Solvent for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Based on Its UPLC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling
(NLM (Medline), 5/14/2020) Salem, Mohamed A.; Michel, Haidy E.; Ezzat, Marwa I.; Okba, Mona M.; EL-Desoky, Ahmed M.; Mohamed, Shanaz O.; Ezzat, Shahira M
menu Journals Molecules Volume 25 Issue 10 10.3390/molecules25102307 settings Open AccessArticle Optimization of an Extraction Solvent for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Based on Its UPLC-MS/MS Metabolic Profiling by Mohamed A. Salem 1,Haidy E. Michel 2OrcID,Marwa I. Ezzat 3OrcID,Mona M. Okba 3,Ahmed M. EL-Desoky 4,Shanaz O. Mohamed 5 andShahira M. Ezzat 3,6,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Gamal Abd El Nasr st., Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt 3 Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt 4 Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32958, Egypt 5 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia 6 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Molecules 2020, 25(10), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102307 Received: 15 March 2020 / Revised: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 / Published: 14 May 2020 (This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry) Download PDF Browse Figures Abstract Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) have been long used as an antihypertensive folk remedy. The aim of our study was to specify the optimum solvent for extraction of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting (ACEI) constituents from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. The 80% methanol extract (H2) showed the highest ACEI activity, which exceeds that of the standard captopril (IC50 0.01255 ± 0.00343 and 0.210 ± 0.005 µg/mL, respectively). Additionally, in a comprehensive metabolomics approach, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to the high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS) method was used to trace the metabolites from each extraction method. Interestingly, our comprehensive analysis showed that the 80% methanol extract was predominated with secondary metabolites from all classes including flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic and organic acids. Among the detected metabolites, phenolic acids such as ferulic and chlorogenic acids, organic acids such as citrate derivatives and flavonoids such as kaempferol have been positively correlated to the antihypertensive potential. These results indicates that these compounds may significantly contribute synergistically to the ACE inhibitory activity of the 80% methanol extract.
Phytosedatives for Drug Discovery
(WILEY, 11/12/2020) Ezzat, Shahira M; Zayed, Ahmed; Salem, Mohamed A.
The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders has increased significantly in recent years. Anxiety, nervous tension, agitation, insomnia, depression, epilepsy, dementia, and severe chronic pain represent the major neuropsychological disturbances. These disorders may occur alone or coexist, making their diagnosis and treatment challenging. Pharmacological treatment of such disorders can be in the form of a single drug or a combination of barbiturates, benzodiazepines, azapirones, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, among many other antidepressants. The adverse effects of these chemically synthesized drugs include dependence, amnesia, and dizziness as well as sexual disorders and restlessness. In this context, screening for new classes of sedatives is necessary for the production of drug leads with minor side effects. Plants are considered sustainable reservoirs for unique secondary metabolites, including phytotoxins that have been used for thousands of years for prevention as well as treatment of several disorders, including those related to the CNS. In this chapter, we introduce the major neuropsychological disturbances and the natural sources that support the treatment of these disorders. Moreover, we provide an overview of the plant metabolites that have been traditionally used or tested in vivo for their sedative effect.
Rivastigmine
(Elsevier, 2021-01) Ezzat, Shahira M; Salem, Mohamed A.; El Mahdy, Nihal M.; Ragab, Mai F.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative dementing disease characterized by slowly increasing impairment in memory, cognition, speech, and behavioral functions, such as the recognition of objects and people, as a result of neuronal cell death. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that is implicated in several processes, including learning and regulation of cognitive functions. To date, there is no cure for AD; all available treatments aim merely to alleviate the symptoms of this condition. This can be achieved by improving neurotransmission by inhibiting the breakdown of ACh, thus improving attention, memory, learning, and cognitive functions. In this chapter, we will provide an overview of rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ratified by the Food and Drug Administration to control mild to moderate stages of AD.
Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin: New Insights and Perspectives for Human Health
(American Chemical Society, 5/14/2020) Salehi, Bahare; Machin, Laura,; Monzote, Lianet; Sharifi-Rad, Javad,; Ezzat, Shahira M; Salem, Mohamed A.; Merghany, Rana M. ,; . El Mahdy, Nihal M,; Sibel Kılıc, Ceyda ,; Sytar, Oksana; Sharifi-Rad, Mehdi; Sharopov, Farukh; Martins, Natalia,; Martorell, Miquel,; Cho, William C
Quercetin (Que) and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactive effects. The antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's, antiarthritic, cardiovascular, and wound-healing effects of Que have been extensively investigated, as well as its anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines has been recently reported. Que and its derivatives are found predominantly in the Western diet, and people might benefit from their protective effect just by taking them via diets or as a food supplement. Bioavailability-related drug-delivery systems of Que have also been markedly exploited, and Que nanoparticles appear as a promising platform to enhance their bioavailability. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of Que. © Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
The use of aromatic plants and their therapeutic potential as antiviral agents: A hope for finding anti-COVID 19 essential oils
(Taylor and Francis, 2/16/2021) Salem, Mohamed A.; Ezzat, Shahira M
The human population worldwide has been challenged since December 2019 by the emerging COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The severity of the infection ranges from mild symptoms such as fever, cough and dizziness to severe illness and even death. Herbal medicines have been long used to attenuate infectious diseases due to their lower side effects, low cost and reduced potential to cause resistance. Observations from traditional medicine revealed that many plant-derived essential oils can be effective in the prevention and treatment of viral- induced respiratory tract infections. By this review, we aimed to call for screening essential oils for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. This review further highlights the possibility that the antiviral properties of essential oils enable them to be engaged in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Pharmaceutical industries are in need of ecofriendly effective antiviral drugs and essential oils may be the future core for lead drug bio-discovery.
Using an UPLC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics approach for assessing the antioxidant capacity and anti-aging potential of selected herbs
(Creative Commons Attribution, 2020) Salem, Mohamed A.; Radwan, Rasha Ali; Mostafa, Eman Sherien; Alseekh, Saleh; Fernie, Alisdair R.
Aging is an unavoidable fate that afflicts all life, during this process in mammals reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated which stimulate tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase activities that actively participate in skin aging. Therefore, the maintenance of antioxidant homeostasis is an important anti- aging strategy for skin. Nature has excellent anti-aging remedies that act externally as well as internally to delay the visual signs of aging. In view of this fact, the present study investigates the in vitro anti-aging activity of five medicinal plants belonging to phenolic rich families namely Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Camellia sinensis and Pelargonium graveolens. The selected plants are those most frequently used in the preparation of ethnomedicinal recipes for the prevention or treatment of aging. The inhibitory effects of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the five selected plants on the activity of tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzymes were investigated. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the plants and the antioxidant capacity of their extracts were assessed. The results showed that R. officinalis had the highest total phenolics content which was correlated with its potent antioxidant and anti-aging activities. To pinpoint the active metabolites in the tested extracts, we evaluated the metabolite variations using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-ESI-MS/MS). Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) revealed that R. officinalis significantly accumulated metabolites from the aromatic diterpenoid, flavonoid and phenolic acid classes. These results indicate that rosemary can be used for further development of topical preparations with anti-aging properties.