Browsing by Author "Mohamed, Akram H"

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Aspergillus from Different Habitats and Their Industrial Applications
(Springer, 6/19/2021) Mohamed, Akram H; Balbool, Bassem A; Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M
Genus Aspergillus has been considered one of the most important general fungi, since its discovery in 1729 by Pier Antonio Micheli; genus Aspergillus comprises a group of more than 340 species distributed in different habitats and environments. Most of the Aspergillus are terricolous, which play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter; also they are considered as plant pathogens and human pathogens. Regardless of the pathogenic role of Aspergillus species it shows an important role in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, food, and medical industries. Due to the high biodiversity and importance of genus Aspergillus it would have a great significant effect on the ecosystem; several trials have been carried out to study the taxonomy and importance of genus Aspergillus. This chapter draws an image about the biodiversity of genus Aspergillus in different habitats, plants, and human pathogens and industrial applications.
Bioprospecting of Thermophilic Fungal Enzymes and Potential Applications
(Springer, 01/01/2022) Balbool, Bassem A; Abo Nouh, Fatma Ahmed; Atef Gezaf, Sara; Mohamed, Akram H; Abdel-Azeemo, Ahmed M
Enzymes are the catalysts of chemical reactions; they are responsible for many biotechnological applications and industries. Fungi are considered as a reservoir for various chemical compounds, which are involved in many industrial, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and medical applications. Fungi are considered from the few eukaryotic organisms that can grow over a high-temperature range and they could be classified into thermophilic and thermotolerant taxa. Fungal species showed the ability to produce several thermotolerant enzymes such as xylanase, laccase, proteases, and phytases. All fungal thermotolerant enzymes have been involved in industrial applications such as textile production, bakery production, fermentation processes, and other pharmaceutical applications. The current chapter will focus on the biodiversity of thermophilic fungi and the various applications it is involved in.
Streptomyces biostimulants: an effective sustainable approach to reduce inorganic N input and maintain high yield of wheat crop in different soil types
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2023-08) Youseif, Sameh H; Abd El-Megeed, Fayrouz H; Salous, Mousa S; Mohamed, Akram H
AIMS: This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic plant growth-promoting (PGP) actinomycetes from the wild medicinal plant Zygophyllum album. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight actinomycetes were isolated, identified, and screened for their PGP activities to improve the growth and production of wheat plants under low N-inputs. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, the isolated actinobacteria showed high diversity and had multiple in vitro PGP attributes. In pot experiments, Streptomyces sp. NGB-Act4 and NGB-Act6 demonstrated the highest significant PGP activities to enhance the growth of wheat plants under reduced N-inputs. Under various field conditions (high-fertility clay soils and low-fertility sandy soils), in combination with 50% N-dose, the two streptomycetes showed significant increases in grain N% and grain yield of the wheat crop compared with the 50% N-fertilized treatment. Irrespective of soil type, wheat plants inoculated with strain NGB-Act4 produced grain yield and grain N% significantly greater than or comparable to the full N-dose treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first field report on the successful use of endophytic streptomycetes as an effective strategy to improve wheat yield and reduce the use of synthetic N fertilizers. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.