Browsing by Author "M Salama, Maha"

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Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of essential oils and their major constituents from four Ocimum species
(De Gruyter, 2016) A Farag, Mohamed; Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha; Tadros, G; AT Serya, Rabah
Ocimum is a genus of considerable importance in traditional medicine worldwide. The goal of this study was to examine the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of Ocimum essential oils and to correlate the activity with their chemical profiles using a metabolome based GC-MS approach coupled to chemometrics. Further, molecular docking was adopted to rationalize the activity of some essential oil isolates. Essential oil prepared from the four species O. basilicum, O. africanum, O. americanum, and O. minimum exhibited significant anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with (IC50 0.22, 0.175, 0.57 and 0.152 mg/mL, respectively) comparable to that of physostigmine (IC50 0.27 mg/mL). The phenylpropanoids (i.e. estragole) constituted the most dominant chemical group in O. basilicum (sweet basil) and O. minimum, whereas camphor (a ketone) was the most abundant in O. africanum and O. americanum. Supervised and unsupervised multivariate data analyses clearly separated O. africanum and O. americanum from other accessions, with estragole, camphor and, to less extent, β-linalool contributing to species segregation. Estragole was found the most active AchE inhibitor (IC50 0.337 µM) followed by cineole (IC50 2.27 µM), camphor (IC50 21.43 µM) and eugenol (IC50 40.32 µM). Molecular docking revealed that these compounds bind to key amino acids in the catalytic domain of AchE, similar to standard drugs
Antidiabetic activity of phenolic compounds from Pecan bark in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(Elseiver, 2011) M Abdallah, Hossam; M Salama, Maha; H Abd-Elrahman, Enas; A El-Maraghy, Shohda
The n-butanol fraction (BF) of bark of Pecan tree, Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) afforded two new flavonol methyl ether: caryatin-3′ sulfate (6) and caryatin-3′ methyl ether-7-O-β-d-glucoside (7) while five known phenolics (1–5) were isolated from its ethyl acetate fraction (EAF). The structures of isolated compounds were established based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were investigated for their hypoglycaemic, antioxidant as well as the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory effect in lenses of streptozocin diabetic rats. All the isolated compounds showed significant hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities, except 5 and 6. A marked AR-inhibitory effect was identified for compounds 2, 3 and 7.
Antiprotozoal activity of major constituents from the bioactive fraction of Verbesina encelioides
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha; A Mahrous, Engy; Maes, Louis; Pan, Cheol-Ho; Abdel-Sattar, Essam
The bioactive petroleum ether fraction of Verbesina encelioides, previously studied by the authors, was chosen for the isolation of antiprotozoal metabolites. Pseudotaraxasterol-3β-acetate (1), benzyl 2,6-dimethoxy benzoate (2), 16β-hydroxy-pseudotaraxasterol-3β-palmitate (3) and pseudotaraxasterol (4), in addition to β-sitosterol glucoside (5) and β-sitosterol galactoside (6) were isolated and identified based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional spectral analysis. This is the first report describing (3) and (6) in genus Verbesina. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on MRC-5 cells. Compound 1 showed moderate to weak activity against L. infantum T. brucei and P. falciparum and was inactive against T. cruzi. Compound 3 showed moderate activity against L. infantum, compound 4 revealed weak activity against T. cruzi, while 5 and 6 were inactive against all tested protozoa. All compounds were non-cytotoxic. The isolated constituents showed less antiprotozoal activity than the crude fraction.
HPLC–DAD–MS/MS profiling of standardized rosemary extract and enhancement of its anti-wrinkle activity by encapsulation in elastic nanovesicles
(SPRINGER, 2016) Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha; N ElMeshad, Aliaa; H Teaima, Mahmoud; A Rashad, Laila
The anti-wrinkle activity of defatted rosemary extract (DER) was assessed, and its effect was optimized by encapsulation in transferosomes (TFs). DER was standardized to a rosmarinic acid content of 4.58 ± 0.023 mg% using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC), and its components were identified by HPLC-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry. In vitro free radical scavenging assays showed DER had high free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and superoxide radicals. DER also inhibited bleaching of β-carotene with high Fe(III) and Fe(II) chelating ability. In vivo anti-wrinkle activities of topically applied DER (20, 50, and 100 mg) and a TF formulation (TF4, 20 mg of DER) were evaluated in UVB-irradiated mice using a wrinkle scoring method, metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and histopathology. Among the nanovesicles, TF4 was the most deformable, and had an acceptable size and encapsulation efficiency and enhanced permeation of DER through rat skin compared with unencapsulated DER. DER (50 and 100 mg) and TF4 significantly inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and improved wrinkle scores. DER and TF4 moderately decreased epidermal thickness without pigmentation. DER is a potent natural antioxidant for combating skin aging. Moreover, encapsulation of DER in TFs will enhance its skin permeation and anti-wrinkle activity.
In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of the Fruit Peels of Solanum melongena L. against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
(J Carcinog Mutagen, 2013) Ezzat, Shahira M; M Shabana, Marawan; M Salama, Maha; R. Ismail, Laila
Background: The fruit peels’ of Solanum melongena L. which is a common vegetable in Egypt, were investigated for biologically active metabolites in an approach to find any medicinal benefits from such waste products. Methods: The Methanol Extract of the Peels (MEP) was subjected to fractionation and purification for the isolation of its major constituents. Identification of the compounds was carried out on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis (1 H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY and HMBC). The MEP together with the isolated compounds were tested against five human cancer cell lines representing the most common types of cancer in Egypt: colon cancer cell line (HCT116), larynx cancer cell line (HEP2), breast cancer cell line (MCF7), cervix cancer cell line (HELA) and liver cancer cell line (HEPG2). MEP was tested in vivo against the CCl4- induced hepatocelular carcinoma (HCC) in rats at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg.b.wt). Results: Five steroidal compounds; three steroidal alkaloids: solasodine (S1 ), solamargine (S4 ) and solasonine (S5 ) together with two steroidal glycosides: β-sitosterol-3-O- β-D-glucoside (S2 ) and poriferasterol-3-O- β-D-glucoside (S3 ) were isolated. The MEP and the five isolated compounds exhibited moderate to potent activities against the tested human cancer cell lines however their pronounced activity was revealed against HEPG2, accordingly, MEP was tested in vivo against the CCl4- induced Hepatocelular Carcinoma (HCC) in rats. The MEP showed a dose dependent anticancer activity through stabilization of the hepato-cells revealed by reduction in α-fitorotein (AFP) (which could considered as tumor marker), it also restored the levels of AST, ALT and albumin in a dose dependent manner. Histopathology of liver tissues treated with MEP strongly supported our results. Conclusion: Our findings supported the reuse of such waste products as a new remedy for treating cancer
Metabolic profile and hepatoprotective activity of the anthocyanin-rich extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha; H Seif el-Din, Sayed; Saleh, Samira; M El-Lakkany, Naglaa; A Hammam, Olfat; B Salem, Maha; S Botros, Sanaa
Context: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) is a common traditional tea that has many biological activities. Objectives: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and study the metabolic profile of the anthocyaninrich extract of H. sabdariffa calyces (HSARE). Materials and methods: The hepatoprotective activity of HSARE was assessed (100 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks) by examining the hepatic, inflammatory, oxidative stress markers and performing a histopathological examination in rats with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. HSARE was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-photodiode array-mass spectrometry (UPLCqTOF-PDA-MS). Results: The UPLC-qTOF-PDA-MS analysis of HSARE enabled the identification of 25 compounds represented by delphinidin and its derivatives, cyanidin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin aglycones and glycosides, together with hibiscus lactone, hibiscus acid and caffeoylquinic acids. Compared to the TAAintoxicated group, HSARE significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic malondialdehyde by 37.96, 42.74 and 45.31%, respectively. It also decreased hepatic inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interferon gamma (INF-c), by 85.39, 14.96 and 70.87%, respectively. Moreover, it decreased the immunopositivity of nuclear factor kappa-B and CYP2E1 in liver tissue, with an increase in the effector apoptotic marker (caspase-3 positive cells), restoration of the altered hepatic architecture and increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione by 150.08 and 89.23%, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: HSARE revealed pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential where SOD and INF-c were significantly improved. HSARE possesses the added value of being more water-soluble and of natural origin with fewer side effects expected compared to silymarin.
A new hepatoprotective flavone glycoside from the flowers of Onopordum alexandrinum growing in Egypt
(Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 2011) M Salama, Maha; Ezzat, Shahira M; A Sleem, Amany
A bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of the ffowers of Onopordum alexandrinum L.(Asteraceae) yielded a new ffavonoidal glycoside designated as acacetin-7-O-galacturonide (9), alongside with nine known ffavonoids; 6-methoxy-apigenin (hispidulin)(1), acacetin (2), apigenin (3), luteolin (4), kaempferol (5), eriodictyol (6), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (7), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (8), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (10). The compounds were assayed for their hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic cell damage in rats and free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Compounds 4, 6, 9, and 10 have not been previously reported from ffowers of O. alexandrinum L., and this is the first report of acacetin-7-O-galacturonide (9) in nature which has also shown significant hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects. The isolated compounds were
A new α-glucosidase inhibitor from Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. growing in Egypt
(Taylor & Francis, 2014) Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) represent a class of oral antidiabetic drugs that delay the absorption of ingested carbohydrates, reducing the postprandial glucose and insulin peaks to reach normoglycaemia. In this study, a bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. growing in Egypt led to the isolation of a new potent AGI; acacetin-6-C-(6″-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside)-8-C-α-l-arabinopyranoside (5) alongside with four known compounds: chondrillasterol (1), quercetin-3,6,7-trimethyl ether (chrysosplenol-D) (2), isovitexin-4′-methyl ether (3) and isovitexin (4). The structure of the new compound (5) was elucidated on the basis of its spectral data, including HR-FAB-MS, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC. The new compound (5) exhibited the most significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 1.5 ± 0.09 μg/mL). Under the assay conditions, all the tested compounds were more potent than the positive control acarbose (IC50 224 ± 2.31 μg/mL).
Randomized double-blinded pilot clinical study of the antidiabetic activity of Balanites aegyptiaca and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identification of its metabolites
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Rashad, Hend; M Metwally, Fateheya; Ezzat, Shahira M; M Salama, Maha; Hasheesh, Adel; Abdel Motaal, Amira
Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are traditionally known for the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proposed some mechanisms of action. However, clinical trials in human beings were never reported to date.
Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique to Study the Genetic Diversity of Eight Aloe Species
(Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2016) Ezzat, Shahira M; M El Sayed, Abeer; M Salama, Maha
The genus Aloe comprises over 400 species of flowering succulent plants. Aloe leaves are used in the treatment of asthma, gastrointestinal ulcers, cardiovascular disease, tumors, burns, and diabetes. They are rich in anthraquinones, such as aloin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, aloinoside A, and aloinoside B. The various species of Aloe show chemical and morphological similarity and diversity, which depend on the genotype and environmental conditions. In a continuity to our interest in the genus Aloe, this study targets the authentication of eight different Aloe species, Aloe vera (A1), Aloe arborescens (A2), Aloe eru (A3), Aloe grandidentata (A4), Aloe perfoliata (A5), Aloe brevifolia (A6), Aloe saponaria (A7), and Aloe ferox (A8), grown in Egypt by using the technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA. Twelve decamer primers were screened in amplification with genomic DNA extracted from all species, of which five primers yielded species-specific reproducible bands. Out of 156 loci detected, the polymorphic, monomorphic, and unique loci were 107, 26, and 23, respectively. Based on a dendrogram and similarity matrix, the eight Aloe species were differentiated from each other and showed more divergence. Aloe species prevailed similarity coefficients of 54–70 % by which they could be classified into three major groups. Thus, this technique may contribute to the identification of these Aloe species that have great morphological similarity in the Egyptian local markets.