Browsing by Author "Ismael, Elshaimaa"

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The Effect of Alterations in Water Quality Parameters on the Occurrence of Bacterial Diseases in Different Aquatic Environments
(Nexus Academic Publishers, 01/11/2021) Khalefa, Hanan S; Abdel-Moneam, Dalia A; Ismael, Elshaimaa; Waziry, Mahmoud Mostafa Fathy; Ali, Mennaallah Samir Gaber; Zaki, Manal M
The current study investigated the influence of adverse water quality parameters in different localities (Qarun Lake, Fayoum Province, Egypt; Mariotteya stream, Giza Governorate, Egypt; and Mediterranean coastal water, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt) on different fish species during the winter. Water and fish samples were collected to evaluate the physicochemical properties and heavy metal distribution in the water. Furthermore, bacteriological analysis of water and fish was performed. The physicochemical characteristics of water samples revealed high conductivity, alkalinity, and higher values of water hardness in Lake Qarun, Fayoum province and Mediterranean coastal water, Alexandria Governorate. However, the parameters in Mariotteya water were within normal limits. Heavy metals were detected in Lake Qarun and the Mediterranean Coast. However, none of the heavy metals analyzed were found in the Mariotteya water samples. Moreover, detected trace elements, cadmium and lead, exceeded the permissible limits. The bacterial load of the collected water samples revealed only the isolation of Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria from Lake Qarun, while other bacteria included Vibrio spp. (2.48 log10 CFU/mL), Aeromonas spp. (2.70 log10 CFU/mL), and Pseudomonas spp. (3.18, 2.04 log10 CFU/mL) isolated from Lake Qarun and Mariotteya stream, and Staphylococcus spp. (2.00, 1.95, and 1.00 log10 CFU/mL) from Mariotteya stream, Lake Qarun, and Mediterranean Coast, respectively. Among the isolated bacteria from collected fishes, Aeromonas spp. weres detectable at a higher percentage (36.2%) followed by Vibrio spp. (31.4%), Pseudomonas spp. (16.2%), and Staphylococcus spp. (6.7%). Moreover, the highest percentage of bacterial isolates was recovered from Lake Qarun. Large shrimps from the Mediterranean Coast showed a high percentage of Vibrio spp. (40%) isolation. The log of viable microbial count and chemical parameters in water bodies had a strong correlation coefficient (r > 0.75), suggesting that the ecosystem is highly polluted by agricultural and industrial contamination © 2021 Khalefa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Sustainable recycling of poultry eggshell waste for the synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles and evaluating its antibacterial potency against food-borne pathogens
(Assiut University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, 2024-01) Ismael, Elshaimaa; Fahim, Karima M; Ghorab, Salma M.O; Hamouda, Ramzy H; Rady, Amgad M; Zaki, Manal M; Gamal, Abedelrhman M
Nanoparticles are considered new antibacterial agents with a potential broad range of applications. Recently, the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles (NPs) from natural sources such as coral, Ostrea shell, and eggshell, has attracted considerable attention. Eggshells are organic waste, rich in calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ), and it is an easy method to reduce it into powder of nano size. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for NPs synthesis makes the entire process cheaper, greener, and more sustainable. Waste chicken eggshells were collected from the Specific Pathogen Free farm in Egypt. Eggshells were rinsed, dried, and finely ground to powder. The sol-gel chemical method was used for the synthesis of CaO-NPs from eggshell powder. The characteristics of eggshell NPs were visualized using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration was applied to test the antibacterial efficacy of CaO-NPs at 1.00, 0.50, 0.25, 0.12, and 0.06% concentrations on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results of the characterization confirmed the conversion of CaCO3 to CaO-NPs with an average diameter of 27.7 nm. Zones of inhibition started to appear from 0.25% concentration for B. cereus, 0.50% for MRSA and E. coli, and 1.0% for S. enteritidis. The concentration of CaO-NPs solution strongly correlated with the resulting zone of inhibition (r= 0.86 to 0.90). CaO-NPs showed a potent efficacy against gram-positive bacteria. Hence, eggshell wastes from poultry production could be a feasible organic source for the biosynthesis of CaO-NPs with promising efficient antibacterial properties.