Browsing by Author "Ibrahim, N. A."

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Antibacterial functionalization of reactive-cellulosic prints via inclusion of bioactive Neem oil/beta CD complex
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2011) Ibrahim, N. A.; Eid, B. M.; El-Zairy, E. R.
In the present research enhancing the antibacterial activity of cellulosic fabrics printed with reactive dyes was achieved through combined reactive printing and beta CD loading in one step followed by subsequent treatment with Neem oil, as an eco-friendly antimicrobial agent. Retention of Neem oil with its main compound azadirachtin within the hydrophobic cavities of beta CD moieties-attached the reactive cellulosic prints, via formation of host-guest inclusion complexes, to impart antibacterial functionality against G+ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and G-ve (Escherichia coli) bacteria was carried out. The experimental results reveal that post-treatment with Neem oil results in a remarkable improvement in the antibacterial activity of the treated reactive prints along with darker depth of shade and without adversely affecting the UV-blocking properties of the final products. Mode of interactions, surface morphology as well as washing durability of antibacterial and anti-UV functions were also investigated. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cellulosic/wool pigment prints with remarkable antibacterial functionalities
(ELSEVIER, 2015) Ibrahim, N. A.; Eid, B. M.; Khalil, H. M.
Several bio-active agents namely choline chloride, triclosan derivative, PEG-600 and 4-hydroxybenzophenone were successfully included into solvent-free pigment formulations, in a single-stage process, followed by screen printing and microwave-fixation to obtain antibacterial functionalized cellulosic/wool pigment prints. Results obtained signify that both the improvement in functionalization and coloration properties are governed by type of antibacterial agent, kind of substrate as well as pigment colorant. The imparted antibacterial activity of the loaded bio-active agents follows the decreasing order: G+ve (Staphylococcus aureus) > G ve (Escherichia coli), keeping other parameters constant. The imparted functional and coloration properties showed no significant decrease even after 15 washings. Mode of interactions among the nominated substrates, the pigment paste constituents and the bioactive agents were also proposed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A cleaner production of ultra-violet shielding wool prints
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2015) Ibrahim, N. A.; Khalil, H. M.; Eid, B. M.
There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of textile wet processes taking in consideration product and environmental quality as well as economic concerns. Substitution of hazardous chemicals at the source and/or shortening the production steps are potential options which could be used to move towards cleaner production process and to cope with ever-increasing demands for eco-friendly textile products. In this research the possibility of enhancing both the ultra-violet shielding and coloration properties of wool fabric in a single-stage using beta-cyclodextrin or monochlorotriazinyl beta-cyclodextrin as well as certain ultra violet absorbers or blockers as additives to other environmentally benign printing paste components was investigated. The modified one-step coloration and functionalization method, using safer textile auxiliaries, less energy, and water consumption, proved to have positive impacts on the depth of the obtained prints and their fastness properties as well as on their ability to shield the harmful ultra-violet B-radiation without seriously affecting the environment. The enhancement in the imparted properties is governed by type of cydodextrin, degree of fixation onto/ within the wool structure, type and extent of immobilization of the used ultra violet protector, type of dye and its mode of interaction, as well as degree of interactions among the nominated printing paste components and the wool active sites during the steam fixation step. The imparted ultra-violet protection properties to the modified wool prints show obviously improved durability to wash compared to the unmodified ones. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Combined antimicrobial finishing and pigment printing of cotton/polyester blends
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abou Elmaaty, T. M.; Eid, B. M.; Abd El-Aziz, E.
his study demonstrates the possibility of enhancing the antibacterial functionality and pigment printing properties of cotton/polyester blends (50/50 and 35/65) in one step. Inclusion of chitosan (10 g/kg), choline chloride (15 g/kg), triclosan derivative (20 g/kg), hyperbranched poly amide-amine/silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles (HBPAA/Ag-NP's hybrid or HBPAA/ZnO-NP's hybrid - 20 g/kg) into a pigment print formulation followed by printing and microwave curing at 386W for 5 min results in an improvement in antibacterial activity and pigment printability. It was further noted that, in all cases, the G+ve (S. aureus) bacteria is more susceptible to the action of the immobilized antibacterial agents than the G-ve bacteria (E. coli). The functionalized pigment prints exhibited very sufficient antibacterial activity even after 20 washing cycles. Modes of interactions were proposed, and surface modification was also confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Combined UV-protecting and reactive printing of Cellulosic/wool blends
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2013) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; Abdalla, W. A.; Khalil, H. M.
A novel approach for attaining reactive Cotton/wool and Viscose/wool prints with outstanding UV-protection functions was achieved via inclusion of certain UV-absorbers namely 4-hydroxybenzophenone and UV-SUN (R) or UV-blockers like ZnO-NPs and TiO2-NPs along with MCT-beta CD, as a reactive additive, in the printing paste formulation using Na-alginate as a thickening agent. Experimental results reveal that the inorganic UV-blockers exhibit better UV-protection functions compared with the used UV-absorbers, and the improvement in the imparted UV-protection capacity follows the decreasing order: ZnO-NPs >TiO2-NPs > 4-hyroxybenzopherone >= UV-SUN (R) >> none > untreated. The enhancement in UV-protection functionality is governed by the type of substrate, cotton/wool > viscose/wool, extent of modification and loading of the used nano-metal oxides or organic absorbers onto the fabric surface as well functionality and ability of the used reactive dyes to absorb the hazardous UV-B radiation. The obtained functional prints exhibited outstanding UV-protection efficiency even after 15 washing cycles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Eco-friendly modification and antibacterial functionalization of viscose fabric
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2017) Eid, B. M; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; Ibrahim, N. A.
Pretreatment of viscose fabric with monochlorotraizinyl -cyclodextrin (MCT-CD), as an eco-friendly modifying agent, is accompanied by creation of hosting nanocavities onto the cellulose structure thereby enabling inclusion of certain antibacterial agents namely triclosan, as a classic agent, and AgNO3, as well as bioactive agents like green tea extract and Aloe vera gel. The efficiency of hosting the nominated antibacterial agents to confer antibacterial functionality is governed by the type of modification method and follows the decreasing order: exhaustion>pad-steam fixation>pad-dry-cure. The imparted antibacterial functionality of MCT-CD-loaded fabric samples is determined by type of the hosted antibacterial agent into cavities of CD and follows the decreasing order: AgNO3>green tea extract>triclosan>Aloe vera gel. Nitrogen content analysis, FTIR spectra, SEM image and EDX spectrum of Ag-loaded fabric sample confirmed the impact of suggested treatment sequence on the chemical and surface properties of the functionalized viscose fabric. The results also demonstrate that the imparted antibacterial activity against S. aureus (G+ve) and E. coli (G-ve) bacteria slightly decreased after 15 washing cycles.
Effect of Knit Structure and Finishing Treatments on Functional and Comfort Properties of Cotton Knitted Fabrics
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2010) Ibrahim, N. A.; Khalifa, T. F.; El-Hossamy, M. B.; Tawfik, T. M.
This study demonstrated that the changes in functional and comfort properties of knitted cotton fabrics were determined by the knitted structure as well as type and concentration of finishing agent. To improve the comfort properties, one should ensure the smoothness of fabric surface, air permeability, heat transmittance as well as hydrophilicity of the knitted fabrics, by selecting the proper knit structure and/or by applying the proper finish such as bio-finish. Soft-finished fabric samples had lower tendency to shrinkage and lower stiffness unless compared with other finished fabrics. The functional properties of the finished cotton knits, i.e., antibacterial and water repellent, depend to a great extent on the type of finish.
Effective acid printing of protein and nylon-6 fabrics using new thickening agents
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Printing of wool, silk, and nylon-6 substrates with acid dyes using new thickening agents based on free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with tamarind seed gum (TG) or karaya gum (KG) was investigated. The depth of the obtained prints follows the decreasing order: PAA/TG2>PAA/TG1>PAA/KG1>PAA/KG2>GG. Increasing the new thickener concentration up to 75g and steam fixation at 105 degrees C for 30 minutes gives higher K/S values. Printability substrates follows the descending order: wool>nylon-6>silk.
Enhancing disperse printing and ultraviolet protecting of polyester-containing fabrics via pretreatment with chitosan/polyethylene glycol/dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2013) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; El-Zairy, M. R.; Khalil, H. M.
Pretreatment of polyester-containing fabrics with chitosan, polyethylene glycol along with N-methylol crosslinking agent (ArkofixA NDW, DMDHEU) in the presence of MgCl2. 6H2O/citric acid as a mixed catalyst was carried out for enhancing their printability with disperse dyes as well as upgrading their ultraviolet-protecting properties. The results showed that the changes in the depth of the obtained prints are governed by the type of substrate, chitosan concentration and steaming conditions. On the other hand, incorporation of polyethylene glycol in the pretreatment bath results in a remarkable improvement in the depth of the post-printed fabric samples. Scanning electron microscope images showed the presence of chitosan-based deposits firmly attached to the surface of the pretreated fabric samples. The mechanism of surface modification via loading of chitosan with its amino groups along with polyethylene glycol moieties onto and/or into the finish/fabric matrix was proposed.
Enhancing Easy Care and Antibacterial Functions of Cellulose/Wool Blends
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Ibrahim, N. A.; Gouda, M.; Zairy, W. M.
The present work studies the possibility of enhancing easy care properties as well as imparting antibacterial properties to cotton/wool and viscose/wool blends through crosslinking in presence of certain additives (i.e., carboxylic acids, N-containing additives, polyols) as well as softening agents, followed by subsequent treatment with ZnCl(2) solution. The improvement in carboxyl content and/or nitrogen content as well as the degree of crosslinking is governed by the type of the included additive (e.g., chemical composition, functionality, reactivity, mode of interaction, location and extent of distribution) along with the nature of substrate (e. g., chemical nature, active sites, crystalline/amorphous ratio, affinity for the used reactants, extent of modification). The degree of antibacterial activity is confirmed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. After 15 laundering cycles, the fabric samples containing Zn exhibit prominent antibacterial functionality irrespective of the used additives.
Enzymatic Modification of Cotton/Wool and Viscose/Wool Blended Fabrics
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Ibrahim, N. A.; Allam, E. A.; El-Hossamy, M. B.; El-Zairy, W. M.
Con/wool and viscose/wool blended fabrics samples were biotreated with acid cellulases, neutral cellulase and/or protease enzymes for enhancing their performance properties. The experimental data indicate that: the extent of loss in weight is governed by the type of enzyme, i.e. Acid cellulases > Neutral cellulase > Protease > none, as well as nature of substrate, i.e., viscose/wool > cotton/wool; 2) incorporation of H(2)O(2) in enzymatic formulation results in an improvement in fabric whiteness as well as its hydrophilicity; 3) bio-treatment of the used blends results in an improvement in dyeability with anionic dyes, and the extent of improvement is governed by type of enzyme, nature of the substrate, as well as class of dyestuff; 4) two-steps enzymatic treatments gives better performance properties, and bio-treatment efficiency follows the descending order: (Acid cellulases Proteases) > Acid cellulases > Protease > none; and 5) subsequent soft finish of enzymatic - treated fabric samples gives rise to an improvement in fabrics resiliency and softness.
Factors Affecting the Functional- and Comfort-related Properties of Reactive Dyed Cotton Knits
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC., 2011) Ibrahim, N. A.; Khalifa, T. F.; El-Hossamy, M. B.; Tawfik, T. M.
In this study, three different reactive dyed single jersey cotton knits produced from different yarn counts, i.e., Ne 20/1, Ne 24/1, and Ne 30/1 were selected for studying the impact of functional finishes, i.e., soft, bio-antibacterial, and water-repellent, on their performance and comfort-properties. It was found that the variation in the evaluated properties is very much dependent on the yarn count as well as on the type and concentration of the finishing agent. An improvement in pilling levels and tactile properties, i.e., smoothness and softness, as well as in comfort properties, i.e., heat transmittance, air permeability as well as water-absorption, is achieved by the bio-treatment. An enhancement in dimensional stability, pilling levels, bursting strength, tactile properties along with a reasonable improvement in antibacterial efficiency is obtained by soft-finishing, taking in consideration its tendency to entrap heat and air inside the fabric structure. The same holds true for water-repellent treatment, in addition to its outstanding water-repellency the antibacterial finish imparts superior antibacterial activity to the fabrics with marginal or little effect on other properties.
Improving the Environmental Aspects of Sulphur Dyeing of Cotton Knitted Fabrics
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2008) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Gamal, A. R.; Mahrous, F.
An attempt has been made to search for an eco-friendly reductants and oxidants for complete substitution of the hazardous ones along with finding out proper conditions for attaining better knitted sulphur dyeings. The results detailed in this article indicate that a) the extent of coloration is governed by both the type of reductant as well as dye/reductant ratio, i.e. liquid glucose (LG, ratio 1/1) > glucose (G, ratio, 1/1) > molaas (M, ratio 1/4), as well as the knitted fabric structure i.e. Pique > Rib > Milton; (b) the depth of shade can be improved by raising the dyeing temperature up to 80 degrees C for 45 min., at a material-to-liquor ratio 1/10, in presence of 30g/l common salt; (c) the extent of sulphur dyeing is determined by the nature of oxidant, i.e. (NH(4))(2)S(2)O(8) > H(2)O(2) > None; (d) after treatment with cationic softener results in higher softness along with better washing and rubbing fastness; and (e) the dyeing as well as fastness properties of the obtained sulphur dyeings depend on the sulphur dye category.
An Integrated Approach for the Production of Value-Added and Innovative Jute-Containing Fabrics
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2009) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Gammal, A. R.; Hassan, T. M.; Hussein, M. Y.
New jute containing fabrics have been produced. The effects of jute grade, weft side component, yarn count number, pretreatment sequence dyeability, with reactive, direct, or basic dye, printability with pigment, as well as soft and bio-finish of the plain woven substrates were examined and optimal conditions for attaining better performance properties were selected. The changes in physicomechanical properties of the pretreated substrates are governed by weft yarn type and count number, blend components, and pretreatment sequence. The extent of dyeing and pigment printing of the used substrates as a function of the weft component follows in descending order: Reactive dyeing: Jute/Flax > Jute/Cotton > Jute/Jute Direct dyeing: Jute/Jute > Jute/Cotton > Jute/Flax Basic dyeing: Jute/Jute > Jute/Cotton > Jute/Flax > Jute/Polyester Pigment printing: Jute/Jute > Jute/Flax > Jute/Cotton > Jute/Polyester, regardless of the used pretreatment sequence. The extent of improvement in fabric resiliency, drapeability, and softness properties of the pretreated jute fabrics made from finer weft yarns is better than those made from coarser ones, irrespective of the used finishing regime, and follows the decreasing order: Bio-finish/Soft-finish > Soft-finish > Bio-finish > None. The performance properties of the produced jute-containing fabrics would ensure the diverse use and their potential applications in apparel and home furnishings.
A new approach for imparting durable multifunctional properties to linen-containing fabrics
(ELSEVIER, 2017) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.; Eid, B. M.; Emam, E.; Barkat, S. R.
This study focused on upgrading the antibacterial activity, UV-protection property, self-cleaning ability and durability to wash of linen and linen/cotton (50/50) blend fabrics to develop multifunctional textile materials without adversely affecting their hydrophilicity. Herein, linen-containing fabrics were first pre-carboxymethylated to create new active sites (-CH2COOH groups) to facilitate subsequent loading of selected active ingredients namely chitosan (Cs), organosilane quaternary ammonium compound (Si-QAC), silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) individually and in admixtures. The developed products, especially in case of using mixed active ingredients, exhibit a noticeable improvement in the imparted functional properties regardless of the used substrate. The effectiveness of the imparted functions is determined by type of substrate, its extent of modification, type, concentration and degree of fixation of the used active ingredient onto the pre-modified substrate. Functionalized samples loaded with mixed active ingredients demonstrated a high durability to wash even after 15 washing cycles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A new approach for natural dyeing and functional finishing of cotton cellulose
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2010) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Gamal, A. R.; Gouda, M.; Mahrous, F.
A new approach for upgrading the dyeing properties of cotton knits with natural dyes as well as to enhance both the UV-protection and antimicrobial functions of the obtained dyeings was investigated. Factors affecting the dyeing and multifunctional properties of the treated substrates such as fabric structure, type and concentration of mordant, kind and percent of natural dye extract as well as dyeing regime were studied. In situ deposition of the mordant as a metal oxide onto and/or within the fabric structure followed by dyeing results in a dramatic improvement in the color strength as well as the fastness properties, in addition to an outstanding enhancement in both the UV-protection, against the harmful UV-radiation and the antibacterial activity against the hazardous G+ve and G-ve bacteria. The extent of improvement in the aforementioned properties follows the descending order: pre-mordanting followed by dyeing > dyeing only > none, and is determined by type and content of metal, physical state/chemical structure as well as extent of dye interaction and fixation, along with the fabric construction. The UV-protection properties as well as the antibacterial activities of the obtained dyeings are maintained even after 20 washing cycles. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New finishing possibilities for producing durable multifunctional cotton/wool and viscose/wool blended fabrics
(ELSEVIER, 2015) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M. R.; Emam, E. M.
This research work focuses on the development of a one-bath functional finishing procedure for imparting durable multifunctional properties such as easy care, soft-hand, antibacterial and/or ultra violet (UV) protection to cotton/wool and viscose/wool blends using diverse finishing combinations and formulations. In this study finishing agents such as reactant resin, silicon softeners, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, triclosan, and pigment colorant were selected using magnesium chloride/citric acid as a mixed catalyst and the pad-dry microwave fixation technique. The results reveal that enhancement in the imparted functional properties are governed by type of the finished substrate as well as nature and concentration of finishing formulation components. The finished fabrics still retained high level of functionalities even after 15 consecutive laundering. Surface morphology and composition of selected samples were investigated using scan electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The mode of interactions was also investigated. Practical applications for multifunctionlization of cellulose/wool blended fabrics are possible using these sorts of proper finishing formulations and unique finishing application method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New thickening agents based on tamarind seed gum and karaya gum polysaccharides
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2010) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Wool, silk and nylon-6 fabric samples were printed with reactive dyes using new thickening agents based on polymerisation adducts of acrylic acid (AA) with tamarind seed gum (TG), or karaya gum (KG) in comparison with the conventional guar gum (GG) thickener. The obtained data indicate that: (i) the printing efficiency is governed by the performance of the thickening agents, i.e. PAA/TG2 > PAA/TG1 > PAA/KG1 > PAA/KG2 > GG, as well as the nature of substrate, i.e. wool > nylon-6 > silk, (ii) the K/S values and fastness properties of the printed fabrics are determined by the type of reactive dye, and (iii) optimal printing properties, i.e. higher depth along with better fastness ratings, were achieved by using a printing paste containing PAATTG2 (7.5%, w/w); reactive dye (30 g/kg); urea (50 g/kg); and citric acid (10 g/kg), followed by drying at 85 degrees C for 5 min, and steaming at 105 degrees C for 30 min. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New thickening agents for reactive printing of cellulosic fabrics
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Four adducts were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in presence of either a pyrodextrin (D) or gum Arabic (GA), and termed as PAA/D-1, PAA/D-2, PAA/GA(1), and PAA/GA(2). These adducts were utilized as thickeners in reactive printing of cotton fabric in comparison with Na-Alginate. Printing was carried out at different conditions including: NaHCO3 concentration (0-40 g/K), urea concentration (0-200 g/k), steaming temperature (100-130 degrees C) and time (5-35 min). At optimal NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K) the depth of shade of the prints, expressed as K/S values, depended on the nature of the thickener used, and followed the descending order PAA/D2 > PAA/GA, > Na-Alginate >> PAA/D-1 >= PAA/GA(2). Accordingly, PAA/D-1 and PAA/GA(2) were omitted in subsequent trials. Optimal printing conditions were found to be NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K), urea concentration (100 g/k), steaming temperature (110 degrees C), and time (15 min). The apparent viscosity of a printing paste, as well as both of K/S value and fastness properties of a print were governed by the nature of the reactive dye and type of thickener. Storing of a printing paste up to 7 days resulted in a decrease in its apparent viscosity along with a slight reduction in K/S value and a little variation in some fastness properties of prints. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel approach for improving disperse dyeing and UV-protective function of cotton-containing fabrics using MCT-beta-CD
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2010) Ibrahim, N. A.; E-Zairy, W. R.; Eid, B. M.
The main goal of this work was to increase disperse dye substantivity for cotton cellulose containing fabrics via modification with monochlorotriazine-beta-CD (MCT-beta-CD), which posses hydrophobic cavities along with remarkable capability to form inclusion complexes with organic substances through host-guest interactions. The proper conditions for simultaneous alkaline-disperse dyeing as well as grafting of MCT-beta-CD onto and/or within cotton and cotton/PET (50/50) blend fabrics were presented. As a result of this novel approach, the obtained dyeings showed a remarkable improvement in their depth of shades along with a significant enhancement in their UV-protection properties. The extent of improvement in disperse dyeing and in subsequent UV-protecting is determined by the nature of substrate, extent of modification, type and concentration of PEG and disperse dye as well as the union-bath conditions, i.e. temperature, time and pH. Mode of interactions, SEM Of untreated and grafted C/PET fabric, as well as fastness properties of the obtained dyeings were also investigated. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved