Browsing by Author "Elbalkiny, Heba T"

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Analysis of commonly prescribed analgesics using in-silico processing of spectroscopic signals: application to surface water and industrial effluents, and comparative study via green and white assessments
(CSIRO, 2023-02) Elbalkiny, Heba T; El-Zeiny, Mohamed B; Saleh, Sarah S
RESEARCH ARTICLEPrevious Contents Vol 19(7) Analysis of commonly prescribed analgesics using in-silico processing of spectroscopic signals: application to surface water and industrial effluents, and comparative study via green and white assessments Heba T. Elbalkiny A , Mohamed B. El-Zeiny B and Sarah S. Saleh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1608-008X A * + Author Affiliations * Correspondence to: drsarahsalah@gmail.com Handling Editor: Kurunthachalam Kannan Environmental Chemistry 19(7) 446-459 https://doi.org/10.1071/EN22108 Submitted: 13 October 2022 Accepted: 6 December 2022 Published: 10 February 2023 © 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. Environmental context. Pharmaceuticals find their way to wastewater mainly through hospital and industrial effluents, and in turn affect all living organisms. The routine analysis of different water sources is tedious and of high cost. Our work presents a safe, low-cost method for analysing water samples to ensure proper cleanup of water and its suitability for human and animal use. Rationale. Analgesics are one of the top classes of commonly prescribed drugs, and used over the counter. Therefore, they are most likely to be detected in wastewater samples coming from hospital and industrial effluents. Methodology. This study focused on developing an in-silico UV spectroscopic manipulation of variant signal nature of low cost, using the methods of: advanced amplitude centring (AAC), mean centring of ratio spectra (MCR), successive derivative subtraction (SDS) and continuous wavelet transformation (CWT), for the determination of a ternary mixture of three analgesics: paracetamol (PCM), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBU) in water samples after sample cleanup using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME). Results. The proposed methods were compared to those reported in terms of greenness, simplicity and effectiveness using the greenness assessment tools (Eco-scale & AGREE) and white analytical chemistry (WAC) tool. The AAC method showed the highest scores: an Eco-scale of 71, AGREE of 0.55 and RGB of 84.4 when compared to the reported methods. Discussion. The AAC method was applied effectively for the study of surface water samples and industrial effluents with high accuracy and precision. Thus, real water samples could be routinely analysed with minimal cost to ensure proper cleanup of water and its suitability for human and animal use.
Application of Chemometrics for Spectral Resolving and Determination of Three Analgesics in Water Samples
(AOAC International, 2019-09) Yehia, Ali M; Elbalkiny, Heba T; Riad, Safa'a M; Elsaharty, Yasser S
Background: Chemometrics is a discipline that allows the spectral resolution of drugs in a complicated matrix (e.g., environmental water samples) as an alternative to chromatographic methods. Objective: Three analgesics were traced in wastewater samples with simple and cost-effective multivariate approaches using spectrophotometric data. Methods and Results: Four chemometric approaches were applied for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac, paracetamol, and ibuprofen. Partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and multivariate curve resolution (MCR)–alternating least squares (ALS) were selected. The presented methods were compared and validated for their qualitative and quantitative analyses. Moreover, statistical comparison between the results obtained by the proposed methods and the official methods showed no significant differences. Conclusions: The proposed multivariate calibrations were accurate and specific for quantitative analysis of the studied components. MCR-ALS is the only method that has the capacity for both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the studied drugs. Highlights: Four chemometric approaches were used for analysis of severally overlapped ternary mixture of three analgesics. The analytical performance of PCR, PLS, MCR-ALS, and ANN was compared and validated in terms of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), SE of prediction, and recoveries. ANN gave the highest predicted concentrations with the lowest RMSEC and root mean square error of prediction. MCR-ALS has the capacity for both qualitative and quantitative measurement. The methods have been effectively applied for real samples and compared to official methods.
Artificial networks for spectral resolution of antibiotic residues in bovine milk; Solidification of floating organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for sample treatment
(Elsevier, 10/02/2021) Elbalkiny, Heba T; Yehia, Ali M
The intensive use of antibiotics in livestock practice has a negative impact on human health and increases the antibiotic resistance. In this study feasible data interpretation algorithm along with efficient extraction protocol were combined for selective analysis of three antibiotics in milk samples. Trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole and oxytetracycline are widely used antibiotics in veterinary pharmaceuticals. The studied antibiotics were efficiently extracted from milk samples with solidification of floating organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. This extraction protocol was optimized not only to maximize extraction recoveries but also to approach the lower residue limits specified by European Union. Artificial neural networks succeeded in resolving spectral overlap between the studied drugs. The network architecture was optimized and validated for accurate and precise analysis. The proposed method outweighs the reported chromatographic methods for being simple and inexpensive and compared favorable to official methods.
Green potentiometric electrode for determination of salbutamol in biological samples
(Academic Press Inc, 2022-10) Elbalkiny, Heba T; Samir, Ahmed
Clinical drug analyses and identification of pharmaceuticals in biological samples are highly crucial for thera- peutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies, and screening of illicit drugs. Various analytical tools, such as potentiometric electrodes, are used to conduct these investigations. These potentiometric electrodes are superior to other techniques in terms of greenness and cost efficacy, and thus present a good alternative for researchers. In this study, we develop an advanced electrode for the in-situ monitoring of salbutamol in plasma, this electrode was synthesized using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as hydrophobic conductive substance and copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) as a surface modifier, the developed electrode was compared to traditional liquid contact electrode as well as solid contact electrode and proved its superiority. The use of MWCNT improved the stability of the electrode via preventing the formation of this water layer and the CuO NP improved the sensitivity due to its high surface area and rich electronic properties. CuO NP modified electrode was used for the determination of salbutamol with a Nernstian slope of 57.4 over a linearity range of range 1.0 × 10− 7 - 1.0 × 10− 2 M, and a detection limit of 4.0 × 10− 7 M. The proposed electrode was effectively applied for the deter- mination of the cited drug in rat plasma without interference and compared with chromatographic reported method. The proposed method is economic as it has a low sample analysis cost, time saving and needs fewer manipulation steps and a simple convenient device. It also proved to be a greener method when compared with chromatographic methods using an eco-scale metric system.
Monitoring Imidazoline Derivatives via Functionalized Nano-Potentiometric Platforms in Aqueous Humor and Dosage Forms
(Wiely online library, 2021-06) Elbalkiny, Heba T; Saleh, Sarah S
The determination of two imidazoline derivatives [oxymetazoline HCl (OXY) and xylometazoline HCl (XYLO)] was described using different potentiometric platforms. The first electrode type was constructed using tetraphenyl borate (TPB) as anionic exchanger with β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) as ionophore forming oxymetazoline-tetraphenyl borate (OXY-TPB) and xylometazoline-tetraphenyl borate (XYLO-TPB), respectively. The second electrode type was prepared by modification of the first type by conjugation with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) forming (OXY-MNP) and (XYLO-MNP). The synthesized electrodes were fully characterized. The effect of magnetic nano-sized particles as a highly dispersible material with β-CDs on the electrode characteristics was investigated and compared against the classical electrodes. The response time, working pH range and selectivity coefficients were studied. The functionalized nano-electrodes (OXY-MNP and (XYLO-MNP) were found to be more sensitive than the classical electrodes with linearity ranges (1×10−6–1×10−2 M). The functionalized nano-electrodes were successfully applied for the in-line analysis of OXY and XYLO in pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked rabbit aqueous humor samples with no prior extraction of treatment. This suggests the future use of these electrodes in clinical studies of both drugs of interest.
Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifoxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-06) Ishaq, Sara; Nadim, Ahmed H; Amer, Sawsan M; Elbalkiny, Heba T
The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties. Characterization was assessed with various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Box-Behnken experimental design was developed to optimize the adsorption process. Critical parameters such as initial antibiotic concentration, nanoparticle concentration, and pH were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fit to the experimental data, indicating multilayer adsorption of MXF onto the GRP-PPY-NP. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of MXF (92%) was obtained in an optimum condition of preparing 30 μg/mL of the drug to be adsorbed by 1 mg/mL of GRP-PPY-NP in pH 9 within 1 h in a room temperature. Moreover, the regeneration and reusability of GRP-PPY-NP were investigated. They could be effectively regenerated for 3 cycles using appropriate desorption agents without significant loss in adsorption capacity. Overall, this study highlights the power of GRP-PPY-NP as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of MXF from wastewater as it is the first time to use this NP for a pharmaceutical product which shows the study's novelty, and the findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and effective wastewater treatment technologies for combating antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments.
Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-06) Ishaq, Sara; Nadim, Ahmed H; Amer, Sawsan M; Elbalkiny, Heba T
The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties. Characterization was assessed with various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). Box-Behnken experimental design was developed to optimize the adsorption process. Critical parameters such as initial antibiotic concentration, nanoparticle concentration, and pH were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fit to the experimental data, indicating multilayer adsorption of MXF onto the GRP-PPY-NP. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of MXF (92%) was obtained in an optimum condition of preparing 30 μg/mL of the drug to be adsorbed by 1 mg/mL of GRP-PPY-NP in pH 9 within 1 h in a room temperature. Moreover, the regeneration and reusability of GRP-PPY-NP were investigated. They could be effectively regenerated for 3 cycles using appropriate desorption agents without significant loss in adsorption capacity. Overall, this study highlights the power of GRP-PPY-NP as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of MXF from wastewater as it is the first time to use this NP for a pharmaceutical product which shows the study's novelty, and the findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and effective wastewater treatment technologies for combating antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments
Portable Nanoparticle-Enhanced Sensor for Tigecycline Determination in Biological Fluids and in the Presence of Its Degradation Products
(Electrochemical Society, Inc., 2023-08) Abd El-Fatah, Nourhan A; El-Sayed, Ghada M; Hegazy, Maha A; Fouad, Manal Mohammed; Elbalkiny, Heba T
Tigecycline (TGC) is a novel potent antibiotic with recently proven anticancer activity against leukemia, glioma, and lung cancer. In-line TGC potentiometric sensors are fabricated for monitoring TGC in its pure form, pharmaceutical formulation, presence of its degradation products, and spiked human plasma. In-line sensors act as greener, portable, and economical alternatives to the classical off-line separation-based techniques. Classical and advanced liquid-contact (LC) and solid-contact (SC) sensors were fabricated, where the best performance was observed with the modified SC sensor (sensor VI) with potassium tetrakis (4- chlorophenyl) borate as ionic exchanger, β-cyclodextrin ionophore and cobalt oxide nanoparticles, showing a Nernstian response of 30 mV decade−1 in the linear range of 10−2 –10−6 M. Statistical comparison was carried out for the results obtained from proposed SC sensors and the official method on TGC pure form. Additionally, method greenness was evaluated using a semi-quantitative analytical eco-scale, scoring approximately 95 points, which was the highest greenness achievement score when compared to the proposed LC sensors or British Pharmacopeial chromatographic method.
Response surface optimised photocatalytic degradation and quantitation of repurposed COVID-19 antibiotic pollutants in wastewaters; towards greenness and whiteness perspectives
(CSIRO, 2023-12) Elbalkiny, Heba T; El-Borady, Ola M; Saleh, Sarah S; El-Maraghy, Christine M
Rationale. Certain antibiotics have been repurposed for the management of infected COVID-19 cases, because of their possible effect against the virus, and treatment of co-existing bacterial infection. The consumption of these antibiotics leads to their access to sewage, industrial and hospital effluents, then to environmental waters. This creates a need for the routine analysis and treatment of water resources. Methodology. Detection and quantitation of three repurposed antibiotics: levofloxacin (LEVO), azithromycin (AZI) and ceftriaxone (CEF) were studied in different water samples using LC-MS/MS methods employing a C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of 80% acetonitrile/20% (0.1% formic acid in water) after solid phase extraction on Oasis HLB Prime cartridges. Real water samples were treated with synthesised graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to remove the three types of antibiotics from contaminated water under experimental conditions optimised by response surface methodology, using Box–Behnken experimental design. Results. The analytical method was validated in the concentration range of 10–5000 ng mL–1 for the three drugs. The removal percentages were found to be 92.55, 98.48 and 99.10% for LEVO, AZI and CEF, respectively, using synthesised g-C3N4. Discussion. The analytical method was used for the estimation of the three cited drugs before and after their removal. The method was assessed using ComplexGAPI as a greenness tool and the RGB 12 algorithm as a whiteness model. The method was applied for the analysis and treatment of real water samples before and after their treatment. It proved to be simple, low-cost and environmentally sustainable.