Browsing by Author "Diab, Ayman A"

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Antibacterial and Anti-Fungal Biological Activities for Acrylonitrile, Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulphonic Acid Crosslinked Terpolymers
(MDPI, 10/30/2020) Farag, Reem K.; Atta, Ayman M.; Labena, Ahmed; AlHawari, Salma H.; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A
There is a pressing demand to synthesize polymers that have antibacterial and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize a crosslinked hydrophilic terpolymer with acrylamide, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker. The chemical structure and thermal stability of the prepared cross-linked terpolymers were confirmed by spectroscopic and thermal analyses. Moreover, the swelling experiments were performed to investigate their swelling capacity. Furthermore, the efficiency of the synthesized cross-linked polymer gels was assessed as an antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains. The synthesized polymers showed broad inhibition effect, with more antibacterial activity by the AM4 polymer sample containing high percentage of acrylonitrile monomer in the prepared terpolymers (4 mol ratio of acrylic acid: 1 mol ratio of acrylamide: 16 mole ratio of acrylonitrile against Gram negative bacterial strain), while sample M3 terpolymer (1 mol ratio of acrylamide: 1 mole ratio acrylonitrile: 3 mole ratio of acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid) showed a promising anti-fungal activity.
Carcinogenic and Cytotoxic Effect of Some Food Additives on Drosophila melanogaster and Human Cell Lines
(Egyptian Society of Biological Sciences, 2017) M El Hefny, Ingy; Ayman A Diab, Walaa; Diab, Ayman A; G Hozayen, Walaa; K K Al-Senosy, Neima
Some food additives that are commonly used by humans were recently proved to be mutagenic. It is of significant importance to evaluate their genotoxic effects, since they are frequently consumed by humans in their daily meals. In this proposal, we investigated the effects of sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid on human cell lines; liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (HCT-116), lung cancer (A-459), and normal lung (Wi38) and cells were evaluated using neutral red cytotoxicity assay and assessed using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). These compounds at 100mM concentrations induced tumor induction and increased the frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay. Also, they reduced the viability of the four examined cell lines cells using different concentrations (75, 150, 300 and 600µg/ml). Boric acid had the highest toxic effect while benzoic had the lowest on the examined cells. The toxicity effect of the tested food additives was higher on normal lung human cells than on lung cancer cells, therefore, these food additives may act as carcinogenic agents
Characterization and optimization of magnetic Gum-PVP/SiO2 nanocomposite hydrogel for removal of contaminated dyes
(Elsevier, 19/01/2022) Sayed, Asmaa; Mahmoud, Ghada A; Said, Heba.; Diab, Ayman A
Gum-polyvinylpyrrolidone/silica (Gum-PVP/SiO2) nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared using gamma radiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking. The magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was carried out by in situ method. The structure of the magnetic and non-magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel was investigated and analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and TEM analysis. The swelling percentage decreases with increasing radiation dose due to the cross-linking is increasing by the irradiation dose. The factors that affect the adsorption behavior of the nanocomposite hydrogel toward basic and acidic dyes were studied. The magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel response a bit higher adsorption properties than the non-magnetic one. On the other hand, the nanocomposites showed better adsorption behavior towards Fuchsine basic dye (FC) than the methyl orange acidic dye (MO). The prepared nanocomposite has high adsorption efficiency that is recommended in treatment of dye effluents
Comparative Study among the Germination and Propagation of Different Capsicum Annuum Cultivars using Tissue Culture Techniques
(Nature and Science, 2011) M. Akram, Omar; Gaafar, Mona; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A
Morphogenetic potential of seed and explants culturing of three capsicum annuum L. ( pepper) genotypes (Gedion, Moaz, and Mohand) were studied to evaluate different plant regeneration protocols and develop a reliable system for plant propagation. An efficient procedure of in vitro plant regeneration through seed and direct shoot bud induction was tested from different explants of capsicum annuum L. Several methods of media preparation with combinations of growth regulators were used, and 2 combinations were found ideal for seed propagation with 7 mg/l 2,4-D or 5 mg/l IBA respectively. Additionally, it was indicated that seed dormancy can effect its propagation also the positioning of the seed or explants onto the media. Propagated seeds demonstrated shoot and root elongation. Regeneration of the explants did not show satisfactory results because most of the explants did not develop into normal shoots but instead developed into calli after 15 days of culture. HPLC Analysis of cultivars demonstrated that fructose suger percentage was higher in the three different types of pepper, followed by sucrose then glucose. Also the HPLC analysis drew out that media supplemented with 7mg/l 2,4-D generally had the highest effect of capsaicinoid sugar content in the following order i.e. cultivar Mohand was showed high significant in sugar content of capsaicinoid followed by Gedion and Moaz. Application of DPPH method illustrated that extracts obtained from Moaz leaves characterized the most proactive antioxidant (vitamin C) properties than Gedion and Mohand. A were noticed. The results of these studies indicated that antioxidant activities of the extract prepared from pepper leaves depended mainly on phenolic compounds. [Omar M. Akram, Mona Gaafar, Gehan Safwat and Ayman Diab. Comparative Study among the Germination and Propagation of Different Capsicum Annuum Cultivars using Tissue Culture Techniques
CONSTRUCTION OF GENETIC LINKAGE MAP AND QTL ANALYSIS OF NET BLOTCH RESISTANCE IN BARLEY
(IJABR, 2013) S Adawy, Sami; Diab, Ayman A; Sayed, AI; D Ibrahim, Shafik; I El-Morsy, Shafik; M Saker, Mahmod
Net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, is one of the most devastating diseases causing significant losses in barley yield and quality. In the present investigation, two barley verities “AT4” (net blotch resistant) and “Femina” (net blotch susceptible) were used to develop a segregating F2 population. Linkage analysis and map construction were performed using Map Manager. The constructed genetic linkage map consisted of 85 markers including 45 AFLP , 11 SSR, 6 CAPS, 5 SCoT, 3 STS and 6 NBL. Linkage groups were assigned to individual barley chromosomes using the published map locations of the SSR markers as reference point. The produced map showed 7 linkage groups with 85 markers covered a total length of 1644.8 cM. The average length of linkage groups ranged from 77.7 to 739.4. Single point analysis was used to identify the genomic regions associated with net blotch resistance in barley. A total of 14 QTL with a significance ranging from 0.01% to 5% were identified on 4 linkage groups (2, 4, 5 and 6). The most significant QTL was found on chromosome 6H. This QTL presents a promising opportunity for the strategic improvement of barley resistance to net blotch using marker assisted selection.
Design, synthesis, characterization and toxicity studies of Poly (N-Iso-Propylacrylamide-co-Lucifer Yellow) particles for drug delivery applications
(OMICS International, 2016) Mohsen, R; Alexander, BD; Richardson, SCW; Mitchell, JC; Snowden, MJ; Diab, Ayman A
A novel fluorescent temperature/pH responsive particle was designed, synthesized, characterised and tested for toxicity. Poly ( N-iso- propylacrylamide -co- 5%-lucifer yellow) (p(NIPAM -co- 5% LY)) was prepared using a surfactant free emulsion polymerisation technique. The particles were negatively charged and were approximately 250 nm at 15Â°C. When the particles de-swell following an increase in temperature, a particle size around 100 nm is obtained. The toxicity of different concentrations of the new particles (p(NIPAM) -co- 5% LY, as well as the 100% p(NIPAM) and the main monomer NIPAM was tested on two cell lines (Hela and Vero). The toxicity was tested in comparison to a positive control (dextran sugar) and a negative one (poly(ethylenimine)) (PEI). The results show that the two particles show cell viability over 80% (for both cell lines Hela and Vero) up to a concentration of 3 mg/mL while NIPAM monomer showed cell viability over 80% at a concentration equal to or less than 0.3 mg/mL. The fluorescence property of the novel particles make them traceable. Combining this property (tracing) to the ability of the particles to release their content in response to temperature and pH change can be a potential drug delivery system for cancer treatment.
Effect of Amino Acids on the Growth and Production of Steroids in Date Palm Using Tissue Culture Technique
(Researcher, 2012) El-Sharabasy, Sherif; Ahmed Farag, Mai; El-Emerym, GAE; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A
The present investigation studied the effect of amino acids (Glutamine, Spermidine and Asparagine) with different concentration (50, 250.500 mg/l) used as precursors to produce secondary metabolites (steroids) and growth development during different stages (callus, embryoids and shooting) of date palm (Malakaby cv.). In Embryogenic callus stage,callus volume was the highest (4.00) when treated with any of the three amino acids, 50 mg/l of Glutamine or Asparagine showed no effect compared to the control giving the lowest callus volume (3.00). Total steroids in callus tissues clearly showed that using Glutamine 250 mg/l in medium gave the highest steroid content 0.662 mg/g and percentage (336% of control), while the lowest (0.111mg/g) was found with Asparagine (500mg/l) and 56.35% of control. Glutamine at 250 mg/l resulted in the highest weight of embryos (2.100 gm). As well as, 500 mg/l Spermidine seemed to be the best amino acid used in order to stimulate steroid biosynthesis resulting in 202.1% of control (0.782 mg/g). In shooting stage, according to the number of shoots, the highest number of shoots (2.33) was achieved with Glutamine and Spermidine at 500 mg/l. In shoot weight, the highest weight (7.267 gm) was achieved by using 500mg/l Glutamine , as to steroid biosynthesis in shooting stage, the best result obtained, were by using Glutamine at 500 mg/l which gave highest steroid biosynthesis (0.534mg/g), 206.0% of contro
The Effect of Some Natural Materials in the Development of Shoot and Root of Banana (Musa spp.) Using Tissue Culture Technolog
(New York Sci. J, 2012) Beshir, Irini; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A
Banana is one of the most important fruit crop worldwide, as its production reaches approximately 70 million tones per year. By tissue culture, triploid and seedless bananas can now be produced in a high quantity, in a less time and at any time of the year without being limited to a season. The aim of this study is to substitute the artificial hormones used in the tissue culture such as, cytokinins and auxins by natural materials such as, Pineapple, Coconut milk, Cacao, Coffee, and Charcoal. Five different media composed of these natural materials were prepared in different concentrations, Pineapple (5,10 and 20cm), Coconut milk (5,10 and20cm,), Cacao (1,2.5 and 5 g), Coffee (1,2.5 and 5 g) and Charcoal (1,2.5 and 5 g) to study their effect on the development and browning of the bananas' shoots and roots in vitro, with the aid of various statistical analyses. The results indicated that the pineapple and coconut milk produced the highest number and length of both shoots and roots, as well as the soluble sugars contents, while the cocoa and coconut milk showed the highest protein content. The charcoal reduced significantly the phenolic content. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the coffee, cacao. This study has highlighted the benefits and advantages of using natural materials in producing high quality banana.
Evaluation of Antiviral Activity of Bee Venom, Phospholipase A-2 (PLA-2) and Propolis against DNA and RNA Virus Models: In-Vitro Study. Inventi Impact: Molecular Pharmacology
(2016-06) Mansour, Amira M; Elfiky, Abir A.; Fahmy, Aly; Diab, Ayman A
Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) is one of the world’s most important infectious animal diseases especially clovenhooved livestock caused by picornavirus and responsible for huge global losses of livestock production and trade, as well as frequent and highly disruptive large-scale epidemics. Bee (Apis mellifera) venom therapy is an alternative form of healing to treat various diseases. Bee venom contains at least active components which have some pharmaceutical properties; the most significant components of bee venom which have antiviral properties like mellitin, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and Protease inhibitor. Melittin is main active component and the powerful stimulator of phospholipase A2 that destroys phospholipids and dissolves the cell membrane of the agent. Protease inhibitor inhibits the activity of different proteases like trypsin, chymotprypsin, plasmin, thrombin, thus decreasing inflammation. In this work, Egyptian bee venom (Apis mellifera lamarckii venom) was obtained from VACSERA used as a treatment against FMDV-O in Egypt. There are improvements in hematological, biochemical and histopathological tests, the clinical signs are decreased in the treatment period and the virus load is more significance decreases. So this study proved that the bee venom used as natural medicine has been developed to fulfill recent medical requirements without noticed side effects. Bees have been appreciated for their medicinal purposes as a treatment for many diseases and restoring the vitality of the body.
EVALUATION OF GENOTOXICITY OF THREE FOOD PRESERVATIVES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER USING SMART AND COMET ASSAYS
(Open Access, 08/01/2020) El-Hefny, Ingy; Hozayen, Walaa; AlSenosy, Neima; Basal, Wesam; Ahmed, Amr; Diab, Ayman A
The continuously growing food and beverage industry relies on food additives as a main component in their products. Such increased reliance on processed food, lead to neglectance of the harmful effects of the food additives on human health; among these are hypersensitivity, allergic reactions, genotoxicity, mutagenicity and more. This study investigates genotoxic effects of three food preservatives commonly consumed in daily meals; sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster system. All of the tested compounds showed significantly high levels of tumor induction and frequency compared to a negative control in SMART assay. They also showed high amount of DNA damage in the comet assay indicating their high potential of being genotoxic materials.
Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Induction in Human Liver Cell Lines Exposed to Three Food Additives
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020-02) Basal, Wesam T; ElHefny, Ingy M; AlSenosy, Neima K; Hozayen, Walaa G; Ahmed, Amr E; Diab, Ayman A
Background: Rapid lifestyle, especially among people living in urban areas, has led to increasing reliance on the processed food market. Unfortunately, harmful effects caused by the excessive use of food additives in such type of industry are often neglected. Objective: This proposal investigates in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of three food preservatives commonly consumed in daily meals; sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid. Methods: The effect of the three preservatives on cell viability was tested on two different cell lines; normal liver cell line THLE2 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cell line HepG2 using MTT assay.Cell cycle arrest was measured using flow cytometry by propidium iodide Measurement of expression levels of two central genes, p53 and bcl-2 that play key roles in cell cycle and apoptosis was carried out in HepG2 cells using real time-PCR. Results: Although the effect was more significantly realized in HepG2 cell line, the viability of both cell lines was decreased by all of the three tested compounds. Flow cytometric analysis of HepG2 cells treated with sodium sulphite, boric acid, and benzoic acid has revealed an increase in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In Sodium sulphite and boric acid treated cells, expression levels of p53 was up-regulated, while that of the Bcl2 was significantly down-regulated. On the other hand, Benzoic acid has shown an anti-apoptotic feature based on the increased expression levels of Bcl-2 in treated cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, all of the tested compounds have decreased the cell line viability and induced both cell cycle arrest and apoptotic events indicating their high potential of being cytotoxic and genotoxic materials
Functionalized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels in Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery
(MDPI, 08/11/2021) Campora, Simona; Mohsen, Reham; Passaro, Daniel; Samir, Howida; Ashraf, Hesham; Al-Mofty, Saif El-Din; Diab, Ayman A; El-Sherbiny, Ibrahim M; Snowden, Martin J; Ghersi, Giulio
Abstract: Over the past several decades, the development of engineered small particles as targeted and drug delivery systems (TDDS) has received great attention thanks to the possibility to over- come the limitations of classical cancer chemotherapy, including targeting incapability, nonspecific action and, consequently, systemic toxicity. Thus, this research aims at using a novel design of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM)-based microgels to specifically target cancer cells and avoid the healthy ones, which is expected to decrease or eliminate the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Smart NIPAM-based microgels were functionalized with acrylic acid and coupled to folic acid (FA), targeting the folate receptors overexpressed by cancer cells and to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). The successful conjugation of FA and Dox was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-VIS analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, viability assay performed on cancer and healthy breast cells, suggested the microgels’ biocompatibility and the cytotoxic effect of the conjugated drug. On the other hand, the specific tumor targeting of synthetized microgels was demonstrated by a co-cultured (healthy and cancer cells) assay monitored using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results suggest successful targeting of cancer cells and drug release. These data support the use of pNIPAM-based microgels as good candidates as TDDS.
Green Technology for Remediation of Water Polluted with Petroleum Crude Oil: Using of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Combined with Magnetic Nanoparticles Capped with Myrrh Resources of Saudi Arabia
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020) M Atta, Ayman; H Mohamed, Nermen; K Hegazy, Ahmad; M Moustafa, Yasser; R Mohamed, Rodina; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A
Crude oil pollution of water bodies is a worldwide problem that affects water ecosystems and is detrimental to human health and the diversity of living organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) combined with the presence of magnetic nanoparticles capped with natural products based on Myrrh to treat fresh water contaminated by crude petroleum oil. Magnetic nanoparticles based on magnetite capped with Myrrh extracts were prepared, characterized, and used to adsorb heavy components of the crude oil. The hydrophobic hexane and ether Myrrh extracts were isolated and used as capping for magnetite nanoparticles. The chemical structures, morphologies, particle sizes, and magnetic characteristics of the magnetic nanoparticles were investigated. The adsorption efficiencies of the magnetic nanoparticles show a greater efficiency to adsorb more than 95% of the heavy crude oil components. Offsets of Water hyacinth were raised in bowls containing Nile River fresh water under open greenhouse conditions, and subjected to varying crude oil contamination treatments of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mL/L for one month. Plants were harvested and separated into shoots and roots, oven dried at 65 °C, and grounded into powder for further analysis of sulphur and total aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as individual aromatic constituents. The pigments of chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured spectrophotometrically in fresh plant leaves. The results indicated that the bioaccumulation of sulphur in plant tissues increased with the increased level of oil contamination. Water analysis showed significant reduction in polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The increase of crude oil contamination resulted in a decrease of chlorophylls and carotenoid content of the plant tissues. The results indicate that the water hyacinth can be used for remediation of water slightly polluted by crude petroleum oil. The presence of magnetite nanoparticles capped with Myrrh resources improved the remediation of water highly polluted by petroleum crude oi
Identification of drought-inducible genes and differentially expressed sequence tags in barley
(Springer-Verlag, 2004) Diab, Ayman A; Teulat-Merah, Béatrice; This, Dominique; Z Ozturk, Neslihan; Benscher, David; E Sorrells, Mark
Drought limits cereal yields in several regions of the world and plant water status plays an important role in tolerance to drought. To investigate and understand the genetic and physiological basis of drought tolerance in barley, differentially expressed sequence tags (dESTs) and candidate genes for the drought response were mapped in a population of 167 F8 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between “Tadmor” (drought tolerant) and “Er/Apm” (adapted only to specific dry environments). One hundred sequenced probes from two cDNA libraries previously constructed from drought-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L., var. Tokak) plants and 12 candidate genes were surveyed for polymorphism, and 33 loci were added to a previously published map. Composite interval mapping was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with drought tolerance including leaf relative water content, leaf osmotic potential, osmotic potential at full turgor, water-soluble carbohydrate concentration, osmotic adjustment, and carbon isotope discrimination. A total of 68 QTLs with a limit of detection score ≥2.5 were detected for the traits evaluated under two water treatments and the two traits calculated from both treatments. The number of QTLs identified for each trait varied from one to 12, indicating that the genome contains multiple genes affecting different traits. Two candidate genes and ten differentially expressed sequences were associated with QTLs for drought tolerance traits.
IL-8 secreted by tumor associated macrophages contribute to lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer via activation of Src/STAT3/ERK1/2-mediated EGFR signaling
(Elsevier, 03/02/2021) Ahmed, Shaza; Taha Mohamed, Hossam; El-Husseiny, Noura; El Mahdy, Manal M; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman A; El-Sherif, Ahmed A; El-Shinawi, Mohamed; Mohamed, Mona Mostafa
Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is an aggressive disease characterized by late clinical presentation, large tumor size, treatment resistance and low survival rate. Expression of EGFR/HER2 and activation of intracellular tyrosine kinase domains in LABC are associated with poor prognosis. Thus, target therapies such as the anti-receptor tyrosine kinases lapatinib drug have been more developed in the past decade. The response to lapatinib involves the inhibition of RTKs and subsequently signaling molecules such as Src/STAT3/Erk1/2 known also to be activated by the cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The aim of the present study is to identify the major cytokine that might contribute to lapatinib resistance in EGFR+/HER2+ LABC patients. Indeed, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main source of cytokines in the TME. Herein, we isolated TAMs from LABC during modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Cytokine profile of TAMs revealed that IL-8 is the most prominent highly secreted cytokine by TAMs of LABC patients. Using in-vitro cell culture model we showed that recombinant IL-8 (50 and 100 ng/mL) at different time intervals interfere with lapatinib action via activation of Src/EGFR and signaling molecules known to be inhibited during treatment. We proposed that to improve LABC patients' response to lapatinib treatment it is preferred to use combined therapy that neutralize or block the action of IL-8.
In Silico mapping of some genes responsible for abiotic stress tolerance in cereals.
(RJPBCS RESEARCH JOURNAL PHARMACEUTICAL, 2017-04) Maghraby, Amaal H. S; Kord, Maimona A; Diab, Ayman A
Abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, cold and low temperature cause great reduction in yields of major crops and affect plant growth. Modern agriculture faces abiotic stresses, especially salinity and drought as major factors limiting crop productivity worldwide. Response to abiotic stresses is a very complex phenomenon. Plants usually respond to the abiotic stresses at the molecular, physiological and biochemical levels, helping them to adapt with these stresses. MYB transcription factor is one of the major families of plant-specific TFs, has been related to drought and salinity responses. In this review the genes related to MYB TF family are selected and In Silico comparative mapping for these genes are performed. The identification and characterization of various genes involved in drought and salinity stress responses play an essential role in crop improvement, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and that very important for the breeders, helping them in their breeding programs as well as to develop stress tolerant crops.
Molecular cloning, expression, sequence analysis and in silico comparative mapping of trehalose 6-phosphate gene from Egyptian durum wheat
(International Journal for Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research, 2013) Diab, Ayman A; MK Nada, Ahmed; Ashoub, Ahmed
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide which consists of two glucose units that functions as a compatible solute to stabilize the membrane structures under heat and desiccation stress. Trehalose-6- phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6- phosphate phosphatase (TPP) are the key enzymes for trehalose biosynthesize in the plant kingdom. On the basis of bioinformatics prediction, fragment containing an open reading frame of 945 bp was cloned from durum wheat. Sequence comparison and analysis of conserved domains revealed the presence of a TPP domain. Full length of the gene was isolated using gene race technology. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real time quantitative PCR indicated that the expression of this gene is up-regulated in response to drought stress. The biochemical assay of the trehalase activity showed that the enzyme's activity decreased under the dehydration stress. The obtained phylogenic tree showed that the isolated TPP protein forms a distinct clad close to the Oryza sativa trehalose-6- phosphate phosphatase. In silico and comparative mapping indicated that the isolated TPP gene is localized on rice chromosome 8, durum wheat chromosome 20, bread wheat chromosome 3B, oat linkage group E, sorghum chromosome 4 and barley 5H.
A multidisciplinary approach for dissecting qtl controlling high-yield and drought tolerance-related traits in durum wheat
(Int. J. of Agrci. Sci. and Res, 2013) Diab, Ayman A; Atia, MA; Hussein, EH; Hussein, Hashem A; Adawy, SS
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is an economically and nutritionally important cereal crop in the Mediterranean region and itsproduction is largely influenced by environmentalstresses, such as drought, salinity, heat and nutrient deficiency.The objective of this study was to dissect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling grain yield,yield componentsand drought tolerancein durum.Amolecular genetic linkage map for F2 durum mapping population derived from an intraspecific cross between Baniswif-1 x Sohag-2was constructed using 114DNA markers (9 SSRs, 14 SCoTs,90 AFLPs and 1 RAPDs) distributedover the 14linkage groups and spanning 2040.9 cM of the durum wheat genome. The size of linkage groups varied greatly from 6.8cM for LG11 to 317.5cM for LG4 with an average length of 145.8cM. Based on the usedanchor SSR markers, only eight linkage groups were assigned to chromosomes,where LG1, LG3, LG5, LG6, LG7, LG9, LG13 and LG14 were assigned to chromosomes 1B, 3B, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7A, 3A and 2B,respectively. Single point analysis was used to identify genomic regions controlling eleven morpho-physiologicaltraitsrelated to grain yield, yield components and drought tolerance. A total of 74 QTL were identified for the eleven traits on all linkage groups except (LG10 and LG11).These included 3 QTLfor root length (RL), 11 QTLfor plant height (PH), 7 QTLforspike length (SL), 3 QTLfor number of branches/plant (NBP), 3 QTLfor number of spike/plant (NSP), 8 QTLfor number of spikelets/spike (NSS), 15 QTLfor number of kernel/spike (NKS), 10 QTLfor thousand-kernel weight (TKW), 4 QTLfor fresh weight (FW), 5QTLfor dry weight (DW) and 5 QTLfor total amino acids (TAA). This work represents the first genetic linkage map for durum wheat population derived from an intraspecific cross between ̳Baniswif-1‘ and ̳Sohag-2‘ showing chromosomal regions associated with11 morpho-physiological traits related to grain yield, yield components and drought tolerance in durum wheat
QTL MAPPING OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN RESPONSE TO SALT STRESS
(TJPRC Pvt. Ltd., 2013) Y Amin, AYMAN; Diab, Ayman A
Molecular markers provide a rapid approach to breeding for desired traits. To use them, it is necessary to determine the linkagebetween quantitative trait loci (QTL) and such markers. This study was conducted to investigate the geneticbasis of salinity responses in Egyptian bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). In this context, a doubled haploid (DH) population (SGDH) of 139 individuals was produced from the cross between two Egyptian breeding cultivars (Sakha 93,salttolerant) and (Gemmeza7, saltsusceptible). The DH populationwas tested under saline hydroponics culture and various plant responsesweremeasured.A molecular genetic map of the SGDHpopulationcovering 3645.3cM, was constructed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), Microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)markers.In total, 325locialong the 21 wheat chromosomes weremapped. The B genome showed the highest number of mapped markers followed by the A and the D genomes respectively. Interval and composite interval mapping (using QTL cartographer) were used to identify the genomic regions controlling traits related to salt tolerance with a threshold of LOD 3. Analysis of QTLs has revealed the approximate location of the significant markers associated with 12traits related to salt tolerance traits across the A, B and D genomes.Fifty five significant QTL were detected on 15 of the 21 chromosomes mapped in this study, for some of these more than one QTL was identified. In many cases QTL were mapped very close to each other, indicating possible gene clustering or pleiotropy. For some traits, the total percentage of phenotypic variation explained by all QTL exceeded 50-60% but on average it was in the region of 15%. Chromosomes of homologues groups2and 5exerted the biggest effect on most phenotypic traits, especially chromosomes2Band 5B.Theresults indicatedthat there is considerable potential for improving salttolerance of hexaploidwheat byusing marker-assisted selection
Therapeutic effect of bee venom formulation in the treatment of FMD viral infection: Preclinical and clinical evaluation
(IJSR, 2016) M Mansour, Amira; Elfiky, Abir A; Fahmy, Ali; Diab, Ayman A
Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) is one of the world’s most important infectious animal diseases especially cloven-hooved livestock caused by picornavirus and responsible for huge global losses of livestock production and trade, as well as frequent and highly disruptive large-scale epidemics. Bee (Apis mellifera) venom therapy is an alternative form of healing to treat various diseases. Bee venom contains at least active components which have some pharmaceutical properties; the most significant components of bee venom which have antiviral properties like mellitin, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and Protease inhibitor. Melittin is main active componentand the powerful stimulator of phospholipase A2 that destroys phospholipids and dissolves the cell membrane of the agent. Protease inhibitor inhibits the activity of different proteases like trypsin, chymotprypsin, plasmin, thrombin, thus decreasing inflammation. In this work, Egyptian bee venom(Apis mellifera lamarckiivenom) was obtained from VACSERA used as a treatment against FMDV-O in Egypt. There are improvements in hematological, biochemical and histopathological tests, the clinical signs are decreased in the treatment period and the virus load is more significance decreases. So this study proved that the bee venom used as natural medicine has been developed to fulfill recent medical requirements without noticed side effects. Bees have been appreciated for their medicinal purposes as a treatment for many diseases and restoring the vitality of the body