Browsing by Author "Diab, Ayman"

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Anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of melatonin protect spleen of whole body gamma-irradiated male Sprague-dawleny rats
(IJRR-IRANIAN JOURNAL RADIATION RES, NO 29, 4TH FL, CHAMRAN MEDICAL BLDG, PARVANEH ST, ALE-AHMAD HWY, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN, 2021-10) Farid, A; El-Dewak, M; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman
Background: Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is seriously affected during irradiation. Radiation exposure reduces both of spleen size and weight; that in turn decreases the numbers of immune cells. Melatonin is an effective free radicals scavenger. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on both blood and spleen of whole body gamma-irradiated male Sprague dawley rats. Materials and methods: Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg melatonin prior to radiation exposure by 30 minutes. Experimental groups were group I: control rats, group II: irradiated rats, group III: melatonin administrated unirradiated rats and group IV: melatonin administrated irradiated rats. Blood and spleen samples were collected 24 hours post irradiation for biochemical, immunological and blastogenesis measurements. Apoptosis, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins of spleen cells were measured by flow cytometry techniques. Results: Melatonin significantly upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT); and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA). It down regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, caspase -3 and caspase-8) and up regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in spleen cells; that in turn reduced the radiation-induced apoptosis. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta) were significantly reduced in group IV. Blastogenesis assay showed that melatonin protects PBMC and spleen B lymphocytes and stabilized their proliferation. Conclusion: Melatonin administration prior to whole body gamma-radiation successfully protected rat's spleen from the consequences of radiation exposure. This was due to its free radicle scavenger nature, its reduction of lipid peroxidation and its anti-apoptotic effects.
Estimation of genomic and mitochondrial DNA integrity in the renal tissue of mice administered with acrylamide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles
(Nature Publishing Group, 2023-08) Mohamed, Hanan R. H; Behira, Loren S.T; Diab, Ayman
The Kidneys remove toxins from the blood and move waste products into the urine. However, the accumulation of toxins and fuids in the body leads to kidney failure. For example, the overuse of acrylamide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) in many food and consumer products increases human exposure and risks; however, there are almost no studies available on the efect of TiO2NPs coadministration with acrylamide on the integrity of genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Accordingly, this study was conducted to estimate the integrity of genomic and mitochondrial DNA in the renal tissue of mice given acrylamide and TiO2NPs. To achieve this goal, mice were administrated orally TiO2NPs or/and acrylamide at the exposure dose levels (5 mg/kg b.w) and (3 mg/ kg b.w), respectively, fve times per week for two consecutive weeks. Concurrent oral administration of TiO2NPs with acrylamide caused remarkable elevations in the tail length, %DNA in tail and tail moment with higher fragmentation incidence of genomic DNA compared to those detected in the renal tissue of mice given TiO2NPs alone. Simultaneous coadministration of TiO2NPs with acrylamide also caused markedly high elevations in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and p53 expression level along with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and high decreases in the number of mitochondrial DNA copies and expression level of β catenin gene. Therefore, from these fndings, we concluded that concurrent coadministration of acrylamide with TiO2NPs augmented TiO2NPs induced genomic DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction through increasing intracellular ROS generation, decreasing mitochondrial DNA Copy, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and altered p53 and β catenin genes expression. Therefore, further studies are recommended to understand the biological and toxic efects resulting from TiO2NPs with acrylamide coadministration.
Genotoxicity and oxidative stress induction by calcium hydroxide, calcium titanate or/and yttrium oxide nanoparticles in mice
(Nature Publishing Group, 2023-11) Mohamed, Hanan R. H; Farouk, Ahmed H; Elbasiouni, Salma H; Nasif, Kirolls A; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman
Intensive uses of Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2NPs), calcium titanate (CaTiO3NPs) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3NPs) nanoparticles increase their environmental release and human exposure separately or together through contaminated air, water and food. However, too limited data are available on their genotoxicity. Therefore, this study explored the efect of Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs or/and Y2O3NPs administration on the genotoxicityand oxidative stress induction in mice hepatic tissue. Mice were orally administered Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs and Y2O3NPs separately or simultaneously together at a dose level of 50 mg/kg b.w. for two successive weeks (3 days per week). Marked induction of DNA damage noticed after oral administration of Ca(OH)2NPs or CaTiO3NPs alone together with high Ca(OH)2NPs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a slight CaTiO3NPs induced ROS production were highly decreased after simultaneous coadministration of administration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs up to the negative control level. Oral administration of Y2O3NPs alone also did not cause observable changes in the genomic DNA integrity and the ROS generation level compared to the negative control levels. Similarly, signifcant elevations in P53 gene expression and high reductions in Kras and HSP-70 genes expression were observed only after administration of Ca(OH)2NPs alone, while, remarkable increases in the Kras and HSP-70 genes expression and non-signifcant changes in p53 gene expression were noticed after administration of CaTiO3NPs and Y2O3NPs separately or simultaneously together with Ca(OH)2NPs. Conclusion: Ca(OH)2NPs exhibited the highest genotoxic efect through oxidative stress induction and disruption of apoptotic (p53 and Kras) and protective (HSP-70) genes expression. Slight DNA damage was noticed after CaTiO3NPs administration. However, administration of Y2O3NPs alone was non-genotoxic and coadministration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs restored genomic DNA integrity and normal expression of apoptotic p53 and protective HSP-70 genes disrupted by Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs. Thus co-administration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs is recommended to counter Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Induction of oxidative DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and p53 mediated apoptosis by calcium titanate nanoparticles in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2022-11) Mohamed, Hanan R. H; Ibrahim, Maria M. H; Diab, Ayman
Background: The distinctive properties and high activity of calcium titanate nanoparticles (CaTiO3-NPs) increase their use in many products. However, the cytotoxic and genotoxic efects of CaTiO3-NPs in human cancer cell lines have not been well studied. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore CaTiO3-NPs induced cytotoxicity, genomic instability and apoptosis in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Methods: Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and the alkaline comet assays were done to study cell viability and DNA damage induction, respectively. Apoptosis induction and cell cycle distribution were analyzed using fow cytometry. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was studied, and the expression levels of p53, Bax and Bcl2 genes were also measured. Results: The results of the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxicity assay showed that viability of MCF-7 cells was not afected by CaTiO3-NPs treatment for 24 h, however, exposure to CaTiO3-NPs for 72 h caused concentrations depend- ent death of MCF-7 cells. Treatment with CaTiO3-NPs for 72 h caused marked increases in intracellular ROS level and induced DNA damage. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with CaTiO3-NPs also caused MCF-7 cell cycle arrest at the G0 and S phases and s triggered apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by causing simultaneous increases in the expression levels of apop- totic p53 and Bax genes and a decrease in the expression level of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene. Conclusion: Collectively, it was concluded that CaTiO3-NPs cause time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic efects in human MCF-7 cells through induction of ROS generation, genomic instability and apoptosis. Thus it is recommended that further in vitro and in vivo studies are therefore recommended to understand the cytotoxic and biological efects of CaTiO3-NPs.
New polyvinyl alcohol/gellan gum-based bioplastics with guava and chickpea extracts for food packaging
(Nature Publishing Group, 2023-12) Elsaeed, Shaimaa; Zaki, Elsayed; Diab, Ayman; Tarek, Menna‑Alla; Omar, WalaaA. E
Plastic is a fossil-based synthetic polymer that has become an essential material in our daily life. Plastic pollution resulting from the accumulation of plastic objects has become problematic for our environment. Bioplastic can be a biodegradable environmentally friendly alternative for the synthetic plastic. In this paper, bioplastics based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/gellan gum (GG) blend have been produced in three diferent compositions and their chemical structure, mechanical, morphological and thermal properties have been studied. Glycerol has been used as a plasticizer. To add extra features to the PVA/GG bioplastic, Psidium guajava (guava) leaves, GL, and chickpea, CP, extracts have been added to the PVA/GG (30/70) blend. Water and aqueous ethanol have been used in the extraction of GL and CP, respectively. The addition of the plant’s extracts enhanced the tensile properties of the PVA/GG bioplastic. Weathering acceleration tests have been carried out to examine the degradation of the prepared bioplastics. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the prepared bioplastic is safe to be used in food packaging applications. Water and oxygen permeability for the new PVA/GG bioplastic have also been studied. The addition of the plant extracts (GL and CP extracts) increased the oxygen and water permeability to diferent extents. Bioplastic life cycle assessment (LCA) and CO2 emissions in comparison to fossil-based plastic have been investigated. From all the results, PVA/GG based bioplastic proved to be a degradable, safe and efective alternative for fossil-based plastics in food packaging applications.
Phytochemical constitutes and biological activities of essential oil extracted from irradiated caraway seeds ( Carum carvi L)
(Taylor and Francis, 2022-05) Aly, Amina; Maraei, Rabab; Rezk, Ahmed; Diab, Ayman
PURPOSE: Essential oils (EOs) obtained from spices, herbs and medicinal plants are well known in traditional medicine and are an area of interest due to their various biological activities. Therefore, present study investigate the chemical composition, phytochemical properties as well as the biological activity of EOs recovered from un-irradiated and irradiated (2.5, 5, and 10 kGy) caraway seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carum carvi L. seeds were irradiated with gamma irradiation at dose levels 2.5, 5, and 10 kGy, then EOs were recovered from all the samples. The chemical composition, phenols and flavonoids content were evaluated. As well as, antimicrobial and antitumor activities against the two cell lines [colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and liver cancer (HepG-2)] were invistigated. RESULTS: The results indicated the percentage of oil increased by radiation, especially at dose of 10 kGy, which gave the highest percentage (3.50%) compared to the control. Also, the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of twenty six compounds in the essential oil extracts . The main constituent of caraway seeds EOs was Carvone followed by Limonene. According to the results, there was an increase in the content of phenols and flavonoids by using gamma rays compared with control, the maximum increase was observed at dose level 10 kGy (13.70 and 7.38mg/g oil, respectively) followed by 5 kGy (11.20 and 5.86mg/g oil, respectively). The antioxidant properties of the caraway essential oils were increased by increasing irradiation dose level (2.5 to 10 kGy) analyzed by DPPH radical and metal chelating activity. Caraway essential oils have an antimicrobial action against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. The antimicrobial activity was increased as irradiation dose raised and the10 kGy dose was more effective in suppressing the growth of bacteria and fungi. Aditionally, the caraway essential oils have anticancer activity against the two cell lines studied; colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and liver cancer cell line (HepG-2) as reduced the cell viability and density. CONCLUSION: The 10 kGy dose was more effective for oil yield, phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity as well as antibacterial and antifungal activities. Furthermore, the caraway essential oils indicated anticancer activity against the two cell lines studied; colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and liver cancer cell line (HepG-2) as reduced the cell viability and density. So caraway could be considered an important herb with multiple therapeutic uses.
Retrieval of Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions using sustainable guar gum/PVA/ montmorillonite nanocomposite films: effect of temperature and adsorption isotherms
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-08) Alhaithloul, Haifa A. S; Alsudays, Ibtisam Mohammed; Zaki, ElSayed G; Elsaeed, Shymaa M; Mubark, Amal E; Salib, Lurana; Safwat, Gehan; Niedbała, Gniewko; Diab, Ayman; Abdein, Mohamed A; Alharthi, Afaf; Zakai, Shadi A; Elkelish, Amr
Uncontrolled or improperly managed wastewater is considered toxic and dangerous to plants, animals, and people, as well as negatively impacting the ecosystem. In this research, the use of we aimed to prepare polymer nanocomposites (guar gum/polyvinyl alcohol, and nano-montmorillonite clay) for eliminating heavy metals from water-based systems, especially Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. The synthesis of nanocomposites was done by the green method with different ratios of guar gum to PVA (50/50), (60/40), and (80/20) wt%, in addition to glycerol that acts as a cross-linker. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the prepared (guar gum/PVA/MMT) polymeric nanocomposites’ structure and morphology revealed the presence of both guar gum and PVA’s functional groups in the polymeric network matrix. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was also performed, which verified the creation of a nanocomposite. Furthermore, theromgravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the biocomposites’ excellent thermal properties. For those metal ions, the extreme uptake was found at pH 6.0 in each instance. The Equilibrium uptake capacities of the three prepared nanocomposites were achieved within 240 min. The maximal capacities were found to be 95, 89 and 84 mg/g for Cu2+, and for Cd2+ were found to be 100, 91, 87 mg/g for guar gum (80/20, 60/40 and 50/50), respectively. The pseudo-2nd-order model with R2 > 0.98 was demonstrated to be followed by the adsorption reaction, according to the presented results. In less than 4 hours, the adsorption equilibrium was reached. Furthermore, a 1% EDTA solution could be used to revitalize the metal-ion-loaded nanocomposites for several cycles. The most promising nanocomposite with efficiency above 90% for the removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions from wastewater was found to have a guar (80/20) weight percentage, according to the results obtained.
Using DNA in Paternity Testing by Identifying 16 STR Loci with Chromosomal Positions
(Corpus publisher, 24/01/2022) Essam, Kareem; Hamza, Mona; Diab, Ayman
Paternity cases arise as a result of major issues between married couples, as women may have a sexual partner in their lives, resulting in a child who is not her husband’s son. This case is being investigated using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, which is commonly utilized in paternity cases to identify the biological father. STR analysis is based on 16 STR loci that are discovered on chromosomes, as well as the length of each locus.