Browsing by Author "Aly, Amina A"

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Food crops, growth and productivity as an important focus for sustainable agriculture Author links open overlay panel
(2023-06) Aly, Amina A; Borik, Zeyad M
Food crops are the crops that are cultivated through agriculture for the purpose of supplying food for the growing population of people. Food crops are harvested as food for humans or fodder for livestock. Explosive population growth and urbanization have created tremendous pressures on the agricultural sector and increased the demands to accommodate the increasing number of the people and their different lifestyles. In addition, the rapid decrease of resources, decrease in variability of crops, erosion of soil, mismanagement of fertilizers and soil, the low standard of living of farmers around the world, and the slow progress in research aiding in the progress of agricultural methods and in soil sciences, all infer that food security around the world will very likely be under threat, and the rates of famines in vulnerable communities will increase as a result. This chapter will discuss these future challenges that might be met in cultivating food crops necessary for human survival and development, and how we can better address these challenges. Also, announce the mission of radiation in the agriculture, which include crop types, pests control, examining fertilizer efficacy, as well as minimizing post-harvest losses and extending the shelf of vegetables and fruits. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in plant breeding and genetic studies aimed at increasing yields and other desirable properties of various crops. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Role of gamma-irradiated sodium alginate on growth, physiological and active components of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plant
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024-01) Aly, Amina A; Eliwa, Noha E; Safwat, Gehan
ascorbic acid, phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, and antioxidant activity. Results: Irradiated Na-alginate resulted in the depolymerization of Na-alginate into small molecular-weight oligosaccharides, and the best dose to use was 100 kGy. Certain chemical modifications in the general structure were observed by FTIR analysis. Two absorbed bands at 3329 cm−1 and 1599 cm−1, were recognized that are assigned to O–H and C-O stretching, respectively, and peaks achieved at 1411 cm−1 represent the COO-stretching group connected to the sodium ion. The peak obtained at 1028 cm−1 was owing to the stretching vibration of C-O. The results of TGA provided that the minimum weight reminder was in the ISA at 100 kGy (28.12%) compared to the UISA (43.39%). The images of TEM pointed out that the Na-alginate was globular in shape, with the particle distribution between 12.8 and 21.7 nm in ISA at 100 kGy. Irradiated sodium alginate caused a noteworthy enhancement in the vegetative growth traits (leaf area, stem length, head weight, and leaf number). By spraying 400 ppm, ISA showed a maximum increase in total pigments (2.209 mg/g FW), ascorbic acid (3.13 mg/g fresh weight), phenols (1.399 mg/g FW), flavonoids (0.775 mg/g FW), and antioxidant activities (82.14. %). Also, there were correlation coefficients (R values) between leaf area, stem length, head weight, and leaf number values with total pigment content, antioxidant activity, total soluble proteins, and ascorbic acid. Conclusions: The outcomes of the recent investigation demonstrated that the application of spraying irradiated Na-alginate (100 kGy) resulted in an improvement of the considered characters.
Yield Traits of Red Radish Seeds Obtained from Plants Produced from γ-Irradiated Seeds and Their Oil Characteristics
(Springer Verlag, 2023-03) Aly, Amina A; Maraei, Rabab W; Sharafeldin, Reem G; Safwat, Gehan
Red radish is an important root crop worldwide owing to its broad adjustment, high yield, and abundant nutritional contents. So, this study was conducted on radish seeds taken from plants established from seeds that were irradiated by different dose levels of gamma-ray (10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) as well as the un-irradiated sample (control) to evaluate the changes in seed yield traits (number of pods/plant (NPP); total weight of pods/plant (TWPP) in grams; seed yield/plant (SYP) in grams; 100-seeds weight (100-SW) in grams). Proximate composition of the seeds yield, as well as the oil yield and its physico-chemical properties plus the bioactive ingredients of this oil were concerned. The results indicated that all traits of seeds yield were highly significant for all irradiation treatments except for 100-seed weight, which was not affected by irradiation treatments, and the dose of 40 Gy gave the best traits. There is a positive effect of irradiation on most of the proximate composition, except the content of crude fiber and moisture which were decreased by irradiation treatments. Furthermore, γ-rays improved the minerals content of red radish seeds and the dose of 80 Gy was the most effective dose for increasing the content of nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, while the dose of 20 Gy gave the highest calcium content. As for the oil, the results showed that the oil yield increased by gamma-rays and the maximum yield was gained with dose level of 20 Gy (34.80%). The fatty acids composition was affected by γ-rays different dose levels and erucic & oleic acids were the predominant mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) while, linoleic & linolenic acids were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Concerning the physico-chemical properties of the oil samples, it was observed that irradiation decreased the iodine value, while the acid, saponification, and ester values increased in all treatments, but on the contrary, the peroxide value was not affected by irradiation. With regard to the bioactive compounds of seeds oil and their antioxidant activity, were increased by irradiation. Therefore, radish oil is considered unconventional oil and can be evaluated as an alternative to traditionally consumed vegetable oils or as additives to them.