Abstract:
Introduction Contemporary emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) urges regular updates on
circulating pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. We aimed to identify the burden of
MDR and World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram negative pathogens among patients
admitted with febrile illness to Abbassia Fever Hospital, a major Public Fever Hospital in Egypt. The
carbapenemase- and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-encoding genes carried by the isolates
were also identified.
Methods A total of 9602 clinical specimens were collected from febrile patients during 2018 and
2019. The recovered bacterial isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion
test. Susceptibility to colistin was tested using E-test. ESBLs production was phenotypically and
genotypically analyzed.
Results A total of 790 bacterial isolates (612 Gram negative and 178 Gram positive) were recovered.
A percentage of 77.6%, and 62.9% of the Gram negative and positive isolates showed MDR phenotype,
respectively. WHO priority pathogens were abundant, including carbapenem-resistant (CR)
Enterobacterales (105/187; 56.1%) and CR glucose non-fermenters (82/187; 43.8%) such as: A.
baumannii (55; 29.4%), P. aeruginosa (27; 14.4%). Carbapenemase- and ESBLs-encoding genes were
detected in 56.1% and 30.8% of Enterobacterales and in 43.8% and 46.3% of glucose non-fermenters,
respectively. Antimicrobials such as fosfomycin and chloramphenicol retained good activities against
MDR Gram negative pathogens.
Conclusions This study highlights the regional burden of MDR and priority Gram negative
pathogens. The obtained data are of relevant medical importance for implementation of evidence-based
antimicrobial stewardship programs and for tailoring the existing empirical treatment guidelines.
