Modeling a Quantum Circuit

Abstract

We use classical computers every day in our lives and we can experience how beneficial they are. However, today’s systems are getting more complex and problems are getting bigger than what classical computers can solve because it doesn’t have the computational power necessary to solve it. [1] And at this point, a new concept appears which is quantum computers that can solve problems with big size and complexity in a very small time compared to classical computers. [2] the idea of Quantum Computers leads to the emergence of a new field called Quantum computing that is responsible for studying the usage of Quantum computer’s power to perform computations. [1] [3] Quantum computing’s main idea is the adaptation of quantum mechanics and mainly some of the most important properties of quantum mechanics which are superposition, measurement, and entanglement, by using these properties a significant speedup is achieved in many problems like factorizations, encryption, and data searching [4]. The scope of this project is on small size as one of the greatest problems in quantum computing is hardware, Most significant Quantum algorithms are implemented on small size problem’s such as Shor’s algorithms which is one of the greatest quantum algorithms that factorize numbers into its prime factors which solve a big problem in cryptography, this algorithm was firstly implemented on small scale to just factorize a small number like 15 but its concept was proven to be correct and can be implemented on bigger size. In Quantum computing simulators are used as real quantum computers are not available making it difficult to test algorithms on a large scale because quantum information needs large space to be stored.