Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Prunes persica extract in rats

Abstract

ABSTRACT The aim of this study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of Prunus persica which belongs to the family Rosacea, It is widely cultivated in China and very rich in phytochemicals like phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins, volatiles and organic acids. In this study, rats are injected by carrageenan which causes inflammation through stimulation of inflammatory mediators such as histamine and bradykinins to be released, then treated with the extract of Prunus persica and assay the inflammatory markers .Inflammation is the biological response to a number of factors including pathogenic agents, damaged cells and toxic substances in the immune system. These factors may cause acute or chronic inflammatory responses, potentially leading to tissue damage. Inflammation at tissue level is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, tissue loss and the resulting immune, vascular and inflammatory response from local cells to infection or injury. The inflammatory cells and the trigger of inflammatory signaling pathways are triggered by infectious and non-infectious agents and cell damage .The inflammatory markers such as iNOS (Induced Nitric oxide synthase ) is one of the main inflammatory mediators involved in both inflammation and angiogenesis NO is produced due to cytokine-induced expression of (iNOS) inducible nitric oxide synthase which largely involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation , COX-2 which is a highly inducible in the response of pro-inflammatory stimuli, Selective inhibition of COX-2 might lead to more effective anti-inflammatory medicines that are safer than current NSAIDs. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are medications that are commonly used to alleviate pain, decrease inflammation, and lower a high fever that work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme and, as a result, prostaglandins at the site of inflammation. Unfortunately, inhibiting gastrointestinal or renal prostaglandins is linked with mechanism-based toxicities, limiting the use of these otherwise effective and powerful medicines.COX-2 is strongly inducible in the reaction to pro-inflammatory stimuli, cytokines and mitogens, so it has typically been equipped to play a significant role in the inflammatory release of PGs. COX-2 is constitutively found in the whole forebrain and in discrete neuronal groups of cortex and hippocampus, it is largely responsible for causing inflammation. IL-6 has been linked to a variety of inflammatory-related chronic diseases. Monocytes and macrophages produce IL-6 in response to inflammatory cytokines such as IL-11 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The IL-6 receptor is found on RSBP2.2 Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory Effect of Prunes Persica Extract in Rats IX resting T-lymphocytes, activated B-cells, and myeloid and hepatic cell lines. Inflammation will be induced by a single dose of carrageenan in twenty four rats which will be randomly divided into four groups: Group 1: six normal rats, Group 2: six rats have inflammation .Group 3: six rats which have inflammation and control with Diclofenac, Group 4: 6 six rats which have inflammation will be injected with 100mg/dl of Prunus persica extract. When the paw edema is examined in the rat the standard group which have inflammation and treated with Diclofenac and Test which they have inflammation and treated with Purnus Persica extract are compared the standard and test to injured in 0 hour , 1 hour , 2 hours , 3 hours and 4 hours they are significantly decreased compared with injured. In the Histopathological examination, Tissue section of rat paw skin treated by diclofenac sodium showing marked reduction of inflammatory reaction score 1 and tissue section of rat paw skin treated with a topical gel formulation containing Prunus Persica extract shows a low level of inflammation. When Interleukin 6 and Nitric oxide levels are assessed in Diclofenac (Voltaren) and extract-treated rats, they are substantially lower than in carrageenan-treated rats..