Browsing by Author "Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane"

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Eco-friendly production of biodiesel from Carthamus tinctorius L. seeds using bismuth oxide nanocatalysts derived from Cannabis sativa L. Leaf extract
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024-08) Abbasi, Tehreem Usman; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Alsahli, Abdulaziz Abdullah; Asma, Maliha; b, Rozina; Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane; Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Pastore, Carlo; Mustafa, Ahmad
Global challenges in environmental protection, social welfare, and economic growth necessitate increased energy production and related services. Biofuel production from waste biomass presents a promising solution, given its widespread availability. This study focuses on converting highly potent Carthamus tinctorius L. seed oil (51 % w/w) into sustainable biofuel using a novel, highly reactive, recyclable, and eco-friendly bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nano-catalyst derived from Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract. The physio-chemical properties of the synthesized biodiesel were analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, the green Bi2O3 nanoparticles were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Diffraction X-Ray (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Optimal conditions for biodiesel production were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in combination with Central Composite Design (CCD), focusing on molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction duration. The highest output (94 %) of C. tinctorius-derived biodiesel (CTBD) was achieved under the following conditions: a temperature (75 °C) for time duration (100 min), a methanol to oil ratio (6:1), and a catalyst loading (0.69 wt%). The resulting biodiesel met international standards, with a sulphur content of 0.00097 wt%, and an acid value of (0.34 mg KOH/g). This study demonstrates that converting C. tinctorius waste seed oil into clean bioenergy is an effective waste management strategy that minimizes environmental impact.
Process intensification of ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent-based extraction of astaxanthin-rich extract derived from the non-conventional bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens
(Elsevier, 2024-02) Paz, Angie Vanessa Caicedo; Rigano, Francesca; Cafarella, Cinzia; Tropea, Alessia; Mondello, Luigi; Galan, Juli ´ an Paul Martinez; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Mustafa, Ahmad; Farias, Fabiane; ordova, Andr ´ es C ´; Giuffrida, Daniele; Dufoss ´e, Laurent; Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane
The objective of this work was to develop an integrated ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based process for extracting astaxanthin-rich extracts (ARE) from dried biomass of the non-conventional aerobic Gram-negative marine bacterium P. carotinifaciens. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) composed of choline chloride (HBA) and carboxylic acids/alcohols (HBD) were used as alternative solvents, and the effects of processing intensification parameters on ARE extraction yield were studied. The investigated parameters included extraction temperature, solid/liquid ratio, amplitude level, ultrasound intensity, DES molar ratio, and extraction time. The efficient extraction period for achieving maximum yield of ARE was approximately 8 min, extraction temperature 65 ◦C, solid/liquid ratio 0.05 g/mL, amplitude level: 15 %. Sequential five re-extraction cycles were applied, and it was observed that in two cycles, more than 95 % of total ARE was recovered. The experimental results showed that the choline chloride:acetic acid (CC-C2) DES combined with US enhanced mass transfer, leading to a remarkable recovery yield increase of up to 900 % compared to the conventional procedure. These values were compared with the calculations of the activity coefficient at infinite dilution and the sigma profile delivered by COSMOSAC, concluding that this tool can be used to predict the behavior of DES for the recovery of ARE.