Browsing by Author "Mouftah, Shaimaa F"

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    Emergence of carbapenem resistant gram-negative pathogens with high rate of colistin resistance in Egypt: A cross sectional study to assess resistance trends during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 2024-03) Afify, Fatma A; Shata, Ahmed H; Aboelnaga, Nirmeen; Osama, Dina; Elsayed, Salma W; Saif, Nehal A; Mouftah, Shaimaa F; Shawky, Sherine M; Mohamed, Ahmed A; Loay, Omar; Elhadidy, Mohamed
    The current study investigated the temporal phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends among multi‐drug resistant and carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from Egyptian clinical settings between 2020 and 2021. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial sensitivity of 111 clinical isolates against a panel of antibiotics were performed. Molecular screening for antibiotic resistance determinants along with integrons and associated gene cassettes was implemented. An alarming rate (98.2%) of these isolates were found to be phenotypically resistant to carbapenem. Although 23.9 % K. pneumoniae isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin, no mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes were detected. Among carbapenem‐resistant isolates, blaNDM and blaOXA‐48‐like were the most prevalent genetic determinants and were significantly overrepresented among K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, 84.78% of K. pneumoniae isolates co‐produced these two carbapenemase genes. The plasmid‐ mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrS and qnrB) were detected among the bacterial species and were significantly more prevalent among K. pneumoniae. Moreover, Class 1 integron was detected in 82% of the bacterial isolates. This study alarmingly reveals elevated resistance to last‐resort antibiotics such as carbapenems as well as colistin which impose a considerable burden in the health care settings in Egypt. Our future work will implement high throughput sequencing‐based antimicrobial resistance surveillance analysis for characterization of novel AMR determinants. This information could be applied as a step forward to establish a robust antibiotic stewardship program in Egyptian clinical settings, thereby addressing the rising challenges of AMR.
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    Unveiling the microevolution of antimicrobial resistance in selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian healthcare settings: A genomic approach
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2024-07) Salem, Salma; Abd elsalam, Nehal Adel; Shata, Ahmed H; Mouftah, Shaimaa F; Cobo‑Díaz, José F; Osama, Dina; Atteya, Reham; Elhadidy, Mohamed
    The incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in healthcare environments, particularly in lowand middle-income countries, is on the rise. The purpose of this study was to provide comprehensive genomic insights into thirteen P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from Egyptian healthcare settings. Phenotypic analysis of the antimicrobial resistance profle and bioflm formation were performed using minimum inhibitory concentration and microtiter plate assay, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was employed to identify sequence typing, resistome, virulome, and mobile genetic elements. Our fndings indicate that 92.3% of the isolates were classifed as extensively drug-resistant, with 53.85% of these demonstrating strong bioflm production capabilities. The predominant clone observed in the study was ST773, followed by ST235, both of which were associated with the O11 serotype. Core genome multi-locus sequence typing comparison of these clones with global isolates suggested their potential global expansion and adaptation. A signifcant portion of the isolates harbored Col plasmids and various MGEs, all of which were linked to antimicrobial resistance genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in diferent genes were associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance in these isolates. In conclusion, this pilot study underscores the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates and emphasizes the role of horizontal gene transfer facilitated by a diverse array of mobile genetic elements within various clones. Furthermore, specifc insertion sequences and mutations were found to be associated with antibiotic resistance.