Browsing by Author "Mohamed S. Hodhod"

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Genome-wide identifcation of MGT gene family in soybean (Glycine max) and their expression analyses under magnesium stress conditions
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025-01-23) Ammar Anwar; Junaid Akhtar; Saba Aleem; Maida Aleem; Muhammad Khuram Razzaq; Saud Alamri; Qasim Raza; Iram Sharif; Arooj Iftikhar; Shehreen Naseer; Zaheer Ahmed; Iqrar Ahmed Rana; Waheed Arshad; Muhammad Imran Khan; Javaid Akhter Bhat; Muqadas Aleem; Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar; Mohamed S. Hodhod
Background Magnesium (Mg) is essential for plant growth and development and plays critical roles in physiological and biochemical processes. Mg defciency adversely afects growth of plants by limiting shoot and root development, disturbing the structure and membranes of the grana, reducing photosynthesis efciency, and lowering net CO2 assimilation. The MGT (Magnesium transporter) family isresponsible for the absorption and transportation of magnesium in plants. Although the MGT family has been identifed in diferent plant species, research regarding the soybean MGT genes islimited. Results In the current study, a total of 39 MGT genes distributed on 17 diferent chromosomes were identifed in soybean. Phylogenetic analysis classifed GmMGTs into three subgroups, NIPA, MRS2/MGT, and CorA, which showed little homology with MGTs of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa members and clustered tightly with GmMGTs. Gene structure and conserved motif analysis also confrmed similar grouping in GmMGTs. The expansion of the GmMGT members in NIPA and MRS2/MGT was predicted, while CorA was identifed as the most conserved group in G. max. Segmental duplication under purifying selection pressure was identifed as the major driving force in the expansion of MGTs in soybean. GmMGTs showed diverse tissue-specifc and stress-response expression patterns due to the presence of stress-related cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions. Under Mg-defciency and surplus stress conditions, a decrease in root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh as well dry weight in susceptible genotypes showed the variegated expression of MGTs in soybean genotypes. Furthermore, the upregulation of GmMGT2 and GmMGT29 in tolerant genotypes in response to Mg-defciency as well as surplus stress conditions in leaves suggested the essential role of GmMGT genes in the absorption and transportation of Mg in soybean leaves. Conclusion This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the MGT gene family in soybean, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships, gene classifcation, protein structures, and expression patterns under both Mg defciency and Mg surplus conditions.
Improving the growth of pea plant by biochar–polyacrylamide association to cope with heavy metal stress under sewage water application in a greenhouse
(Frontiers Media SA, 2024-09-06) Muhammad Naveed; Maryum Fatima; Zainab Naseem; Zulfiqar Ahmad; Abdel-Rhman Z Gaafar; Mubashra Shabbir; Qurrat ul Ain Farooq; Mohamed S. Hodhod; Muhammad Imran Khan; Dua Shahid; Adnan Mustafa
Sewage water is extensively used for irrigation, serving as a valuable resource for plant growth to enhance agricultural productivity. However, this practice also results in a significant accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, posing potential environmental and health risks. A study was designed to evaluate the combined effect of amendments on heavy metal immobilization in soil and improved growth and yield in pea plants. For this, the soil for each treatment was mixed with biochar (BC) (1% w/w), polyacrylamide (PAM) (0.5% w/w), and also applied in combination. Pea plants were irrigated with tap water (TW), sewage water (SW), and tap + sewage water (TW + SW). A factorial design was applied to analyze data statistically. The combined application of the biochar and polymer showed a positive response by significantly enhancing the plant growth parameters (39%–84%), physiological attributes (67%–69%), and reducing Cd (56%) and Cr (65%) concentration in soil applied with SW and TW + SW. Moreover, treatment with a combined application of BC and PAM significantly reduced Cd concentrations by 43% in roots, 50% in shoots, and 91% in grains. Similarly, Cr concentrations were reduced by 51% in roots, 51% in shoots, and 94% in grains compared to the control. Overall, the study results indicate reduced bioaccumulation and health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), supporting the application of the polymer and biochar for irrigating pea plants with TW + SW. Leveraging the combined benefits of polymer and biochar amendments appears to be an effective strategy to remediate PTE-contaminated soil, thereby increasing plant growth and yield. Copyright
Modeling climate‑related global risk maps of rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae (Ishiyama 1922) using geographical information system (GIS)
(Springer Nature, 2024-10-17) Sameh M. H. Khalaf; Monerah S. M. Alqahtani; Mohamed R. M. Ali; Ibrahim T. I. Abdelalim; Mohamed S. Hodhod
Rice is a critical staple crop that feeds more than half of the world’s population. Still, its production confronts various biotic risks, notably the severe bacterial blight disease produced by Xanthomonas oryzae. Understanding the possible effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of this virus is critical to ensuring food security. This work used ecological niche modeling and the Maxent algorithm to create future risk maps for the range of X. oryzae under several climate change scenarios between 2050 and 2070. The model was trained using 93 occurrence records of X. oryzae and five critical bioclimatic variables. It has an excellent predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.889. The results show that X. oryzae’s potential geographic range and habitat suitability are expected to increase significantly under low (RCP2.6) and high (RCP8.5) emission scenarios. Key climatic drivers allowing this development include increased yearly precipitation, precipitation during the wettest quarter, and the wettest quarter’s mean temperature. These findings are consistent with broader research revealing that climate change is allowing many plant diseases and other dangerous microbes to spread across the globe. Integrating these spatial predictions with data on host susceptibility, agricultural practices, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities can help to improve targeted surveillance, preventative, and management methods for reducing the growing threat of bacterial blight to rice production. Proactive, multidisciplinary efforts to manage the changing disease dynamics caused by climate change will be critical to assuring global food security in the future decades.
Using MaxEnt modeling to analyze climate change impacts on Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, 1904 distribution on the global scale
(Elsevier B.V, 2024-12-07) Sameh M.H. Khalaf; Monerah S.M. Alqahtani; Mohamed R.M. Ali; Ibrahim T. I. Abdelalim; Mohamed S. Hodhod
Pseudomonas syringae is a pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to global agriculture, necessitating a deeper understanding of its ecological dynamics in the context of global warming. This study investigates the current and projected future distribution of P. syringae, focusing on the climatic factors that influence its spread. To achieve this, we employed Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze species occurrence records alongside relevant climate data. The MaxEnt model was calibrated using 75 % of the occurrence data, with the remaining 25 % reserved for validation. The model’s performance was meticulously assessed utilizing the area under the curve (AUC) and true skill statistics (TSS), resulting in an AUC score of 0.92, indicating excellent predictive capability. Our analysis identified key climatic parameters—temperature, precipitation, and humidity—that significantly affect the presence of P. syringae. Notably, our findings project an expansion of the bacterium’s geographic range in the coming decades, with optimal conditions shifting toward the poles. This research underscores the significant influence of climate change on the distribution of P. syringae and provides valuable insights for developing targeted disease management strategies. The anticipated increase in bacterial infections in crops highlights the urgent need for proactive measures to mitigate these effects.