Browsing by Author "Khaled, Ahmed"

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Cytokines and autoantibodies profile during systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis diseases in Egypt
(Elsevier, 2022-04) Farid, Alyaa; Hany, Ali; Khaled, Ahmed; Safwat, Gehan
Objective: Cytokine, a small secreted protein, is secreted from one cell types to exert a particular effect on other cell types and/or on itself. Cytokines are characterized by their redundancy in the function; they are secreted in a cascade and can work synergistically and/or antagonistically. Cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis (PS). Due to their crucial roles in the immune cells’ development, differentiation and regulation; any dysregulation in their production and/or action can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. The study population was composed of healthy control volunteers, SLE patients that were diagnosed as lupus nephritis (LN) patients or non-LN patients with developed atherosclerosis (As), and psoriasis patients that were diagnosed as psoriasis patients without arthritis (Ps) or psoriatic arthritis patients (PsA). Methods: The current study aimed to measure and compare the levels of T helper (h)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, -1β, -12, -10, -4, -2, -23, -18, -34 and -6) among Egyptian SLE and Ps patients. In addition, the pathway and type of Th cells involved in autoimmune-mediated tissue injury was examined. Detection of autoantibodies (ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-sm, anti-histone, anti- ribosomal, APLA and anti-Ro/SSA) was performed to find if there is a relation between disease development and their presence. Results: Detection of autoantibodies and complement proteins were beneficial in the diagnosis of SLE and psoriasis. ANA and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were a good marker for the diagnosis of SLE and monitoring disease activity; however, other autoantibodies like APLA, anti-sm, anti-histone and anti-ribosomal can be used to indicate the disease activity. Conclusions: Cytokines can be used to determine the disease activity and autoimmune-mediated tissue injured in both SLE and psoriasis. Where, IL-17 recorded the highest level in LN and PsA patients; while the highest levels of IL-34, -23 and -6 were recorded in PsA patients and IL-1β was a characteristic cytokine in As patients.
Identification of key Risks in Fast-Track Construction projects: A Literature Review
(October university for modern sciences and Arts MSA, 2023) Amir, Amani; khodeir, Laila; Khaled, Ahmed
Fast-track construction projects have become more common in recent years as a response to increased demand. The sector was known for its high-risk and high-complexity features. Regardless of the degree of difficulty in construction projects, the construction industry has responded to requirements for faster project delivery deadlines to meet standards, emergency/disaster preservation, and time-to-market constraints. The purpose of this study was to clarify risk management's role in fast-track construction projects, evaluate how fast-track construction projects impact the construction time of such projects, and investigate risks that might occur from different levels of overlap. To achieve this, the paper undergone a comprehensive literature review on several 43 papers that have been published in Scopus. The researcher reviewed the literature for several studies, such as papers and books in this field from 2000 to 2021. The results were: identifying accelerated techniques and their classification; clarifying risks; risk management processes and their classification; and clarifying risks in fast-track construction projects because of an unfair risk distribution between the contractual parties because of specific or incorrect contract terms. This has led to a careful assessment of the scope of the work and how the project will be executed.