Browsing by Author "Ibrahim, NA"

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Combined dyeing and resin finishing of wool/viscose and cotton/wool blends
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2006) Ibrahim, NA; Allam, E.; El-Hosamy, MB; El-Zairy, MR; El-Zairy, W.
The objective of this study is to establish a single-stage process for anionic dyeing and easy-care finishing of wool/viscose (60/40) and cotton/wool (70/30) blended fabrics. Optimum conditions for maximizing dyeability and achieving high resiliency are: Fixapret (R) ECO (50 g/L), triethanolamine hydrochloride (20 g/L), ammonium persulfate (7.5 g/L) at 160 degrees C for 3 min. The extent of improvement in both the depth of shade and easy-care properties is determined by the nature of substrate and follows the descending order wool/viscose > cotton/wool. On the other hand, the extent of dye fixation and the change in fastness properties of the obtained dyeings are determined by the class of dyestuff.
Eco-friendly sulfur dyeing of cellulosic woven fabrics
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2005) Ibrahim, NA; El-Gamal, AR; Mahrous, F
This work demonstrated that conventional sulfur dyeing, which poses environmental problems, can be modified by using safer chemicals. The results indicate that: i) using reducing sugars as eco-friendly reductants results in an improvement in the extent of coloration; ii) the extent of improvement is determined by the reductant type; i. e., liquid glucose (LG) > thiourea dioxide (TUD) > glucose (G) > molass (M), dye/reductant ratio, as well as type of woven cellulosic fabric; i. e., viscose > cotton > linen; iii) raising the dyeing temperature to 80 degrees C for 45 min, increasing NaCl concentration to 30 g/L, and/ or minimizing the material-to-liquor ratio to 1/10 brings about an improvement in the extent of coloration; iv) efficiency of dye fixation is determined by the nature of the oxidant and follows the descending order (NH4)(2) S2O8 > Na-perborate > H2O2 > none; and v) post-softening has positive impacts on the softness degree and washing fastness, as well as rubbing fastness properties, especially in the case of using the cationic softener, regardless of the sulfur dye used
Polyacrylamide/guar gum adduct as a new thickener for reactive printing of wool and nylon-6
(MARCEL DEKKER INC, 2003) Ibrahim, NA; Rashad, MM; Abo-Shosha, MH
Polyacrylamide/guar gum (PAam/GG) adduct was prepared by polymerization of a highly concentrated solution of acrylamide (Aam) in the presence of guar gum (GG) by using ammonium persulfate initiator. The adduct was used as a thickener for reactive printing of wool and nylon-6 under different conditions, including thickening agent type and concentration, urea concentration, benzyl alcohol concentration, steaming temperature and time, dye type, and fixation method. Data revealed, under the conditions examined, that (1) for a given set of printing conditions, K/S value is higher in PAam/GG than that in GG, regardless of substrate used; (2) increasing urea concentration, in the printing paste (up to 160 g/kg in wool, or up to 120 g/kg in nylon-6) or benzyl alcohol concentration up to 160 g/kg (in both substrates) was accompanied by a significant increase in depth of shade regardless of thickener used; (3) raising steaming temperature from 100degreesC to 130degreesC resulted in enhancing the depth of shade; (4) prolonging steaming time, at 120degreesC, from 10 to 30 min resulted in improving the depth of shade; (5) the depth of shade depends on the type of dye used and is higher in wool than in nylon-6 and in steaming than in thermosoling; (6) the flow properties of printing pastes based on PAam/GG or GG are of the thixotropic type, and the apparent viscosity, at the same shear rate, is higher in PAam/GG than that in GG; and (7) the apparent viscosity of printing pastes increased by storing up to 10 days.
Union dyeing of easy care-finished wool/viscose and cotton/wool blends
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2006) Ibrahim, NA; Allam, E.; El-Hosamy, MB; El-Zairy, MR; El-Zairy, W.
Wool/viscose (60/40) and cotton/wool (70/30) blended fabrics have been easy-care finished in the presence of certain nitrogenous additives to produce readily dyeable cationic cellulose for competitive dyeing with wool dyes. The enhancement of easy care properties and improvement in post-dyeing of the finished fabrics were determined by the nature of substrate (wool/viscose > cotton/wool), type of catalyst (ammonium persulfate > ammonium sulfate > ammonium chloride > none), the kind of nitrogenous additive, as well as the type of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400 > PEG-200 > NONE). Using triethanolamine hydrochloride as a reactive/nitrogenous additive (30 g/L) in the finishing formulation as well as curing at 150 degrees C/3 min make it possible to attain higher fabric resiliency along with better dye receptivity, regardless of the used anionic dye. However, the change in dyeing and fastness properties of obtained dyeing is governed by the nature of the anionic dye.