Browsing by Author "Farouk, Ahmed"

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    Genetic Algorithm Golden Ratio Design Model for Auto Arts
    (Springer International Publishing AG, 2022-09) Ibrahim, Khaled Hossameldin; Mohamed, Ali Khater; Farouk, Ahmed
    Golden ratio denoted by the Greek letter Phi (φ) represents the irrational number 1.6180339887 approximately. The unique and mystifying properties of this number have attracted many researchers and mathematicians. Artists and designers tried to employ the golden ratio in eminent works of drawing, artifacts, painting, and architectures as golden ratio design is very pleasing to look at because the golden ratio itself is discovered from nature through the body proportions of living beings. Nowadays every big organization or company converts its design or logo to a golden ratio design and hires the biggest designers with the highest cost to make it as only the highest professional designers can make it and look good. This paper proposes a framework for generating a golden ratio design using golden circles through a sketched design from the user so that the output design is near to the input design. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the output design. i.e., maximize the similarity between the input sketched design by the user and the output design using golden ratio in less computational time. The data set presented in this work is collected by the authors and could be downloaded from the following link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IEKIs0f1mLxSf7hPZhVKRU0Aiv4VXGax/view?usp=sharing. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Chronic Hepatitis C Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Population
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 30/06/2021) Mohamed, Amal A; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Mostafa, Hanan M; Abdalla, Asmaa; Farouk, Ahmed; Aref, Ahmed M; Elshmiy, Reham A.A; ElSayed, Eman; Shafik, Nevine F; Mahmoud, Maha O; Al-Daly, Moustafa; Zaghloul, Mariam S
    Background: Small percentage of hepatitis C (HCV) patients develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during their lifetime, suggesting that genetic factors might modulate HCC development. Numerous variations on the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) have been recognized in human cancers. The majority of them cause VDR to be unable to bind to 1, 25-OH-D. The aim of the present work was to investigate the relation of VDR FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs3782905) and ApaI (rs7975232) gene polymorphisms and the risk of HCC development in chronic HCV Egyptian patients. Methods: A total of 311 Egyptian patients were enrolled for this study. They were divided into 3 groups: 103 patients with liver Cirrhosis, 107 patients with HCC and 101 normal healthy subjects as the control group. Human genomic DNA Extraction was carried out using QIAamp® DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN) Genotyping of VDR ApaI (rs7975232) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was carried out using real-time PCR TaqMan allelic discrimination assay with allele-specific designed fluorescent MGB probes. Results: Patients with HCC had a higher frequency of ApaI CC genotype (P=0.035) CI (0.031-0.038). Patients with HCC carried a higher ratio of ApaI CC genotype compared to those with liver cirrhosis (x2=5.4 and P = 0.03) or controls (x2=6.8 and P = 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed that age, lower platelet count (<150×103/μL), higher AFP (>100 ng/ml), and ApaI CC genotype were the factors significantly associated with the development of HCC. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that all were independent predictors. Conclusion: ApaI CC VDR gene mutation is an independent risk factor for HCC development in Egyptian Cirrhotic HCV patients. © 2021 Mohamed et al.