Browsing by Author "Farid, A"

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    Anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects of melatonin protect spleen of whole body gamma-irradiated male Sprague-dawleny rats
    (IJRR-IRANIAN JOURNAL RADIATION RES, NO 29, 4TH FL, CHAMRAN MEDICAL BLDG, PARVANEH ST, ALE-AHMAD HWY, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN, 2021-10) Farid, A; El-Dewak, M; Safwat, Gehan; Diab, Ayman
    Background: Spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is seriously affected during irradiation. Radiation exposure reduces both of spleen size and weight; that in turn decreases the numbers of immune cells. Melatonin is an effective free radicals scavenger. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on both blood and spleen of whole body gamma-irradiated male Sprague dawley rats. Materials and methods: Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 100 mg/kg melatonin prior to radiation exposure by 30 minutes. Experimental groups were group I: control rats, group II: irradiated rats, group III: melatonin administrated unirradiated rats and group IV: melatonin administrated irradiated rats. Blood and spleen samples were collected 24 hours post irradiation for biochemical, immunological and blastogenesis measurements. Apoptosis, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins of spleen cells were measured by flow cytometry techniques. Results: Melatonin significantly upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT); and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA). It down regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p53, Bax, caspase -3 and caspase-8) and up regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in spleen cells; that in turn reduced the radiation-induced apoptosis. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta) were significantly reduced in group IV. Blastogenesis assay showed that melatonin protects PBMC and spleen B lymphocytes and stabilized their proliferation. Conclusion: Melatonin administration prior to whole body gamma-radiation successfully protected rat's spleen from the consequences of radiation exposure. This was due to its free radicle scavenger nature, its reduction of lipid peroxidation and its anti-apoptotic effects.
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    Narrow band ultraviolet B therapy deactivates Th1/Th17 pathway and activates Th2 cytokines secretion in Egyptian psoriatic arthritis patients
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 01/01/2020) Farid, A; Tawfik, A; Elsioufy, B; Safwat, G
    Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects 3-4% of the world population. Keratinocytes and immune cells in patient's skin secrets excess pro-inflammatory cytokines that in turn activates the differentiation of T helper cells (Th) into Th1 and Th17 and deactivates Th2 pathway. Several phototherapies have been used in treatment of moderate and severe psoriatic patients; among them narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB, 311 nm) is the most effective. We aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of NB-UVB exposure in 80 Egyptian plaque psoriatic patients with and without psoriasis arthritis development. This will be accomplished by measuring serum cytokines levels (IL-10, -12, -17, -23 and -34) and high sensitive C reactive protein before and after treatment. A significant elevation in Th2 pathway cytokine, IL-10, and significant decrease in Th1/Th17 pathway cytokines were observed after treatment. This indicates the success of NB-UVB therapy in down modulating IL-12 and IL-23/Th17 axis. The pathological conditions in psoriatic arthritis patients were improved by NB-UVB targeted to the skin. As serum cytokines levels in these patients indicated that the reduction in Th1/Th17 inflammatory cytokines and elevation of Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokines was not restricted to skin lesions only, but also, spread in patients' body and improve their pathologic