Browsing by Author "Ezzat M.I."

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Brain Cortical and Hippocampal Dopamine: A New Mechanistic Approach for Eurycoma longifolia Well-Known Aphrodisiac Activity and Its Chemical Characterization
(Hindawi Limited, 2019) Ezzat, Shahira M; Ezzat M.I.; Okba M.M.; Hassan S.M.; Alkorashy A.I.; Karar M.M.; Ahmed S.H.; Mohamed S.O.; Fernandes G.; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Kasr El-Ainy Street; Cairo; 11562; Egypt; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA); 6th of October 12566; Egypt; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt; Zewail City of Science and Technology; Cairo; Egypt; Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Agriculture; Cairo University; Cairo; Egypt; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Malaysia
Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Fam.: Simaroubaceae), known as Tongkat Ali (TA), has been known as a symbol of virility and sexual power for men. Metabolic profiling of the aqueous extract of E. longifolia (AEEL) using UPLC-MS/MS in both positive and negative modes allowed the identification of seventeen metabolites. The identified compounds were classified into four groups: quassinoids, alkaloids, triterpenes, and biphenylneolignans. AEEL is considered safe with oral LD50 cut-off >5000 mg/kg. Oral administration of 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg of AEEL for 10 consecutive days to Sprague-Dawley male rats caused significant reductions in mounting, intromission, and ejaculation latencies and increased penile erection index. AEEL increased total body weight and relative weights of seminal vesicles and prostate. Total and free serum testosterone and brain cortical and hippocampal dopamine content was significantly elevated in treated groups with no significant effects on serotonin or noradrenaline content. 2019 Shahira M. Ezzat et al.
The hidden mechanism beyond ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) potent in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2018) Ezzat, Shahira M; Ezzat M.I.; Okba M.M.; Menze E.T.; Abdel-Naim A.B.; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Kasr El-Ainy Street; Cairo; 11562; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA); 6th October; 12566; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo; 11566; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah; Saudi Arabia
Ethnopharmacological relevance Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a well known anti-inflammatory drug in the Egyptian, Indian and Chinese folk medicines, yet its mechanism of action is unclear. Aim of the study To explore its mechanism of action and to correlate it to its biophytochemicals. Materials and methods Various extracts viz. water, 50%, 70%, 80%, and 90% ethanol were prepared from ginger rhizomes. Fractionation of the aqueous extract (AE) was accomplished using Diaion HP-20. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the different extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated using protein denaturation inhibition, membrane stabilization, protease inhibition, and anti-lipoxygenase assays. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of AE was estimated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in rats at doses 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.wt. Results All the tested extracts showed significant (p< 0.1) in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. The strongest anti-lipoxygenase activity was observed for AE that was more significant than that of diclofenac (58% and 52%, respectively) at the same concentration (125 ?g/ml). Purification of AE led to the isolation of 6-poradol (G1), 6-shogaol (G2); methyl 6- gingerol (G3), 5-gingerol (G4), 6-gingerol (G5), 8-gingerol (G6), 10-gingerol (G7), and 1-dehydro-6-gingerol (G8). G1, G2 and G8 exhibited potent activity in all the studied assays, while G4 and G5 exhibited moderate activity. In vivo administration of AE ameliorated rat paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. AE (at 200 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in production of PGE2, TNF-?, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity by 60%, 57%, 60%, 41%, 32% and 67%, respectively. AE at 100 and 200 mg/kg was equipotent to indomethacin in reduction of NOx level and in increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Histopathological examination revealed very few inflammatory cells infiltration and edema after administration of AE (200 mg/kg) prior to carrageenan. Conclusions Ginger anti-inflammatory activity is mediated by inhibiting macrophage and neutrophils activation as well as negatively affecting monocyte and leukocyte migration. This was evidenced by the dose-dependent decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and replenishment the total antioxidant capacity. � 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Rho-Kinase II Inhibitory Potential of Eurycoma longifolia New Isolate for the Management of Erectile Dysfunction
(Hindawi Limited, 2019) Ezzat, Shahira M; Okba M.M.; Ezzat M.I.; Aborehab N.M.; Mohamed S.O.; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Kasr El-Ainy Street; Cairo; 11562; Egypt; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); October; 12566; Egypt; Biochemistry Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); 6th October12566; Egypt; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Malaysia
Background. Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Fam.: Simaroubaceae), known as Tongkat Ali (TA), has been known as a symbol of virility and sexual power. The aim of the study was to screen E. longifolia aqueous extract (AE) and isolates for ROCK-II inhibition. Results. The AE (1-10 ?g/ml) showed a significant inhibition for ROCK-II activity (62.8-81%) at P < 0.001 with an IC50 (651.1 � 32.9 ng/ml) compared to Y-27632 ([(+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide dihydrochloride]) (68.15-89.9 %) at same concentrations with an IC50 (192 � 8.37 ng/ml). Chromatographic purification of the aqueous extract (AE) allowed the isolation of eight compounds; stigmasterol T1, trans-coniferyl aldehyde T2, scopoletin T3, eurycomalactone T4, 6?- hydroxyeurycomalactone T5, eurycomanone T6, eurycomanol T7, and eurycomanol-2-O-?-D-glucopyranoside T8. This is the first report for the isolation of T1 and T3 from E. longifolia and for the isolation of T2 from genus Eurycoma. The isolates (at 10 ?g/ml) exhibited maximum inhibition % of ROCK-II 82.1 � 0.63 (T2), 78.3 � 0.38 (T6), 77.1 � 0.11 (T3), 76.2 � 3.53 (T4), 74.5 � 1.27 (T5), 74.1 � 2.97 (T7), 71.4 � 2.54 (T8), and 60.3 � 0.14 (T1), where the newly isolated compound trans-coniferyl aldehyde T2 showed the highest inhibitory activity among the tested isolated compounds and even higher than the total extract AE. The standard Y-27632 (10 ?g/ml) showed 89.9 � 0.42 % inhibition for ROCK-II activity when compared to control at P < 0.0001. Conclusion. The traditional use of E. longifolia as aphrodisiac and for male sexual disorders might be in part due to the ROCK-II inhibitory potential. � 2019 Shahira M. Ezzat et al.