Browsing by Author "Essam, Kareem"

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Bacteriophage as a potential therapy to control antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through topical application onto a full-thickness wound in a rat model
(Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 2022-09) Rezk, Nouran; Abdelsattar, Abdallah S; Elzoghby, Doaa; Agwa, Mona M.; Abdelmoteleb, Mohamed; Aly, Rania G.; Fayez, Mohamed S.; Essam, Kareem; Zaki, Bishoy M.; El‑Shibiny, Ayman
Background: Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most critical pathogens in wound infections, causing high mortality and morbidity in severe cases. However, bacteriophage therapy is a poten‑ tial alternative to antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate a novel phage targeting P. aeruginosa and examine its efcacy in vitro and in vivo. Results: The morphometric and genomic analyses revealed that ZCPA1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and could infect 58% of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The phage ZCPA1 exhibited thermal stability at 37 °C, and then, it decreased gradually at 50 °C and 60 °C. At the same time, it dropped signifcantly at 70 °C, and the phage was undetectable at 80 °C. Moreover, the phage ZCPA1 exhibited no signifcant titer reduction at a wide range of pH values (4–10) with maximum activity at pH 7. In addition, it was stable for 45 min under UV light with one log reduction after 1 h. Also, it displayed signifcant lytic activity and bioflm elimination against P. aeruginosa by inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern with a complete reduction of the bacterial growth at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. In addition, P. aeruginosa-infected wounds treated with phages displayed 100% wound closure with a high quality of regenerated skin compared to the untreated and gentamicin-treated groups due to the complete elimination of bacterial infection. Conclusion: The phage ZCPA1 exhibited high lytic activity against MDR P. aeruginosa planktonic and bioflms. In addition, phage ZCPA1 showed complete wound healing in the rat model. Hence, this research demonstrates the potential of phage therapy as a promising alternative in treating MDR P. aeruginosa.
Bacteriophage as a potential therapy to control antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through topical application onto a full-thickness wound in a rat model
(Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 2022-09) Rezk, Nouran; Abdelsattar, Abdallah S; Elzoghby, Doaa; Agwa, Mona M; Abdelmoteleb, Mohamed; Aly, Rania G; Fayez, Mohamed S; Essam, Kareem; Zaki, Bishoy M; El‑Shibiny, Ayman
Background: Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most critical pathogens in wound infections, causing high mortality and morbidity in severe cases. However, bacteriophage therapy is a poten‑ tial alternative to antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate a novel phage targeting P. aeruginosa and examine its efcacy in vitro and in vivo. Results: The morphometric and genomic analyses revealed that ZCPA1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and could infect 58% of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The phage ZCPA1 exhibited thermal stability at 37 °C, and then, it decreased gradually at 50 °C and 60 °C. At the same time, it dropped signifcantly at 70 °C, and the phage was undetectable at 80 °C. Moreover, the phage ZCPA1 exhibited no signifcant titer reduction at a wide range of pH values (4–10) with maximum activity at pH 7. In addition, it was stable for 45 min under UV light with one log reduction after 1 h. Also, it displayed signifcant lytic activity and bioflm elimination against P. aeruginosa by inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern with a complete reduction of the bacterial growth at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. In addition, P. aeruginosa-infected wounds treated with phages displayed 100% wound closure with a high quality of regenerated skin compared to the untreated and gentamicin-treated groups due to the complete elimination of bacterial infection. Conclusion: The phage ZCPA1 exhibited high lytic activity against MDR P. aeruginosa planktonic and bioflms. In addition, phage ZCPA1 showed complete wound healing in the rat model. Hence, this research demonstrates the potential of phage therapy as a promising alternative in treating MDR P. aeruginosa.
Morphological, biological, and genomic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_Kpn_ZC2
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2023-05) Fayez, Mohamed S; Hakim, Toka A; Zaki, Bishoy Maher; Makky, Salsabil; Abdelmoteleb, Mohamed; Essam, Kareem; Safwat, Anan; Abdelsattar, Abdallah S; El-Shibiny, Ayman
Background Bacteriophages (phages) are one of the most promising alternatives to traditional antibiotic therapies, especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections. Thus, this study aims at the characterization of a novel isolated phage vB_Kpn_ZC2 (ZCKP2, for short). Methods The phage ZCKP2 was isolated from sewage water by using the clinical isolate KP/08 as a host strain. The isolated bacteriophage was purified and amplified, followed by testing of its molecular weight using Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), transmission electron microscopy, antibacterial activity against a panel of other Klebsiella pneumoniae hosts, stability studies, and whole genome sequencing. Results Phage ZCKP2 belongs morphologically to siphoviruses as indicated from the Transmission Electron Microscopy microgram. The Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the phage sequencing estimated the phage genome size of 48.2 kbp. Moreover, the absence of lysogeny-related genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes in the annotated genome suggests that phage ZCKP2 is safe for therapeutic use. Genome-based taxonomic analysis indicates that phage ZCKP2 represents a new family that has not been formally rated yet. In addition, phage ZCKP2 preserved high stability at different temperatures and pH values (-20 −70 °C and pH 4 – 9). For the antibacterial activity, phage ZCKP2 maintained consistent clear zones on KP/08 bacteria along with other hosts, in addition to effective bacterial killing over time at different MOIs (0.1, 1, and 10). Also, the genome annotation predicted antibacterial lytic enzymes. Furthermore, the topology of class II holins was predicted in some putative proteins with dual transmembrane domains that contribute significantly to antibacterial activity. Phage ZCKP2 characterization demonstrates safety and efficiency against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae, hence ZCKP2 is a good candidate for further in vivo and phage therapy clinical applications.
Role of DNA in Paternity Testing
(Juniper, 2020-06) Essam, Kareem; Diab, Ayman A.
Egyptian society suffers from increasing in the number of divorce cases which leads to different problems. One of them is the children’s street that is a result of paternity issues. Paternity cases are caused due to huge problems between married couples because women may be entering a sexual partner in her life so the child will be not the son of her husband. This study discusses the techniques that are used in paternity cases in order to detect the biological father and prove which technique is more accurate compared to other techniques. Blood groups were the first approach that was used to detect whether the case is inclusion or exclusion. The most common and accurate technique is a short tandem repeat. This technique depends on 16 short tandem repeat loci founded on the chromosomes. It also depends on the length of each locus. This study discusses 6 samples concerned with 2 paternity cases while in one case concerned father, mother and two children.
Using DNA in Paternity Testing by Identifying 16 STR Loci with Chromosomal Positions
(Corpus publisher, 24/01/2022) Essam, Kareem; Hamza, Mona; Diab, Ayman
Paternity cases arise as a result of major issues between married couples, as women may have a sexual partner in their lives, resulting in a child who is not her husband’s son. This case is being investigated using Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, which is commonly utilized in paternity cases to identify the biological father. STR analysis is based on 16 STR loci that are discovered on chromosomes, as well as the length of each locus.