Browsing by Author "El-Zairy, E. M."

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Effective acid printing of protein and nylon-6 fabrics using new thickening agents
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Printing of wool, silk, and nylon-6 substrates with acid dyes using new thickening agents based on free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) with tamarind seed gum (TG) or karaya gum (KG) was investigated. The depth of the obtained prints follows the decreasing order: PAA/TG2>PAA/TG1>PAA/KG1>PAA/KG2>GG. Increasing the new thickener concentration up to 75g and steam fixation at 105 degrees C for 30 minutes gives higher K/S values. Printability substrates follows the descending order: wool>nylon-6>silk.
A new approach for imparting durable multifunctional properties to linen-containing fabrics
(ELSEVIER, 2017) Ibrahim, N. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.; Eid, B. M.; Emam, E.; Barkat, S. R.
This study focused on upgrading the antibacterial activity, UV-protection property, self-cleaning ability and durability to wash of linen and linen/cotton (50/50) blend fabrics to develop multifunctional textile materials without adversely affecting their hydrophilicity. Herein, linen-containing fabrics were first pre-carboxymethylated to create new active sites (-CH2COOH groups) to facilitate subsequent loading of selected active ingredients namely chitosan (Cs), organosilane quaternary ammonium compound (Si-QAC), silver-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) individually and in admixtures. The developed products, especially in case of using mixed active ingredients, exhibit a noticeable improvement in the imparted functional properties regardless of the used substrate. The effectiveness of the imparted functions is determined by type of substrate, its extent of modification, type, concentration and degree of fixation of the used active ingredient onto the pre-modified substrate. Functionalized samples loaded with mixed active ingredients demonstrated a high durability to wash even after 15 washing cycles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New thickening agents based on tamarind seed gum and karaya gum polysaccharides
(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2010) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E. A.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Wool, silk and nylon-6 fabric samples were printed with reactive dyes using new thickening agents based on polymerisation adducts of acrylic acid (AA) with tamarind seed gum (TG), or karaya gum (KG) in comparison with the conventional guar gum (GG) thickener. The obtained data indicate that: (i) the printing efficiency is governed by the performance of the thickening agents, i.e. PAA/TG2 > PAA/TG1 > PAA/KG1 > PAA/KG2 > GG, as well as the nature of substrate, i.e. wool > nylon-6 > silk, (ii) the K/S values and fastness properties of the printed fabrics are determined by the type of reactive dye, and (iii) optimal printing properties, i.e. higher depth along with better fastness ratings, were achieved by using a printing paste containing PAATTG2 (7.5%, w/w); reactive dye (30 g/kg); urea (50 g/kg); and citric acid (10 g/kg), followed by drying at 85 degrees C for 5 min, and steaming at 105 degrees C for 30 min. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
New thickening agents for reactive printing of cellulosic fabrics
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Four adducts were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in presence of either a pyrodextrin (D) or gum Arabic (GA), and termed as PAA/D-1, PAA/D-2, PAA/GA(1), and PAA/GA(2). These adducts were utilized as thickeners in reactive printing of cotton fabric in comparison with Na-Alginate. Printing was carried out at different conditions including: NaHCO3 concentration (0-40 g/K), urea concentration (0-200 g/k), steaming temperature (100-130 degrees C) and time (5-35 min). At optimal NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K) the depth of shade of the prints, expressed as K/S values, depended on the nature of the thickener used, and followed the descending order PAA/D2 > PAA/GA, > Na-Alginate >> PAA/D-1 >= PAA/GA(2). Accordingly, PAA/D-1 and PAA/GA(2) were omitted in subsequent trials. Optimal printing conditions were found to be NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K), urea concentration (100 g/k), steaming temperature (110 degrees C), and time (15 min). The apparent viscosity of a printing paste, as well as both of K/S value and fastness properties of a print were governed by the nature of the reactive dye and type of thickener. Storing of a printing paste up to 7 days resulted in a decrease in its apparent viscosity along with a slight reduction in K/S value and a little variation in some fastness properties of prints. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylic acid/dexy 85 and polyacrylic acid/gum arabic adducts
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Ibrahim, N. A.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Polyacrylic acid/gum arabic or polyacrylic acid/dextrin (PAA/GA or PAA/D) adducts were prepared by free radical polymerization of highly concentrated, partially neutralized AA using Na2S2O8/Na2S2O3 redox system in the presence of GA or D. Optimum reaction conditions, viz., AA, 6.76 mol/L; Na2S2O3, 26.87 X 10(-3) mol/L; Na2S2O8, 34.9 X 10(-3) mol/L; degree of neutralization, 20%; temperature, 90 degrees C; and time 30 min, were utilized in preparing two adducts of each substrate (GA or D) at two liquor ratios (LRs; 1.25/1 and 6.3/1 L/K). The four adducts formed, viz., PAA/GA,, PAA/GA, PAA/D,, and PAA/D-2 (where 1 and 2 refer to the low and high LR, respectively) were found to be water soluble at all proportions. IR spectrum of these adducts confirmed the introduction of the COOH group onto their structures. Rheological properties of 7%, aqueous solutions of these adducts, including Na-alginate (Alg), showed that all are characterized by a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, thixotropic behavior. Within the range of shear rate studied, the apparent viscosities of these solutions followed the descending order: PAA/D2 > PAA/D-1 > Alg > GA(1) = PAA/GA(2). Completing neutralization (Na form) of adducts to 100% results in a remarkable enhancement of their apparent viscosities, so that they follow the descending order, depending on the shear rate: At 2 s(-1) shear rate: PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) > Alg At 18.89 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > Alg >= PAA/GA(2) At 40 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) = Alg (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, hic.