Browsing by Author "Egbuna, Chukwuebuka"

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Aloe Species as Valuable Sources of Functional Bioactives
(Springer, 2020-06) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Gupta, Ena; Ezzat, Shahira M; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Mishra, Neha; Akram, Muhammad; Sudharani, N.; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Singh, Priyanka; Ifemeje, Jonathan Chinenye; Deepak, M; Walag, Angelo Mark; Ansari, Rumaisa; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Laila, Umme; Olisah, Michael Chinedu; Onyekere, Peculiar Feenna
Herbal medicines occupy distinct position right from the primitive period to present day. In every ethnic group, there exists a traditional health care system, which is culturally patterned. In rural communities, health care seems to be the first and fore- most line of defence. The WHO has already recognized the contribution of tradi- tional health care in tribal communities. These medicines have fewer side effects and are easily accessible to mankind in the nature. It has been a source of medicinal
Bioanalysis: methods, techniques, and applications
(Elsevier, 2022-01) Rudrapal, Mithun; Kothawade, Aniket P; Ezzat, Shahira M; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka
Bioanalysis describes quantitative estimation of chemicals or drug substances as well as their metabolic products in large variety of bio-samples. It is an integrated technique that has been employed in preclinical stages of drug-discovery process to further support the clinical phases of drug discovery. However, a bioanalytical method must be optimized, characterized, and validated following documented procedures according to United States Pharmacopeia (USP)/International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines to comply with the regulatory guidelines and acceptance criteria. Bioanalytical studies should therefore provide accurate and reproducible estimation of drugs or metabolites in biological samples at great level of sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. In this chapter, various advanced techniques commonly employed in bioanalysis have been summarized. Different techniques of extraction and an array of advanced hyphenated techniques are employed for the evaluation of bioanalytes in biofluids, with improved analytical specificity and sensitivity. The applications of bioanalysis in biomedical, pharmaceutical, and other allied areas have been systematically reviewed in this chapter. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 Phytochemicals as Sources of Drugs
(Springer, 2019) Ezzat, Shahira M; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Kumar, Shashank; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Jeevanandam, Jaison
Plants have been used as medicines since ancient times, due to the presence of numerous phytocompounds that helps them to prevent and cure several diseases and disorders. They are utilized in different formulations such as herbal tea, extracts, decoctions, infusions, tincture or powder (Balick and Cox 1997; Thomas et al. 1999; Samuelsson 2004; Ujah 2019). Initially, humans started to utilize plants as food which was later segregated as medicinal plants with definite pharmacological action (Howes 2018). In the past, the methods for the application of a medicinal herb for certain ailment were mainly based on the history of the plant which was recorded in herbals. It has been reported from cave carvings and literatures that the medicinal plants are widely used in ancient health care systems, such as Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medications and several ancient medications from ancient civilizations
Emerging pollutants in Nigeria: A systematic review
(Elsevier, 3/18/2021) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Amad, Cecilia N; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Ezzat, Shahira M; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill; Ugonwa, Peter Okechukwu; Orisakwe, Orish E
Emerging pollutants represent a group of synthetic or naturally occurring compounds that are not normally monitored within the environment but can enter into the environment and cause different adverse ecological and health effects. This systematic review identified the various emerging pollutants in Nigeria. The following da- tabases, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) were searched to identify studies on pollutants of emerging concerns in Nigeria. A total of 933 articles were identified out of which 30 articles were selected to be eligible for the study. Over 250 emerging pollutants were identified and divided into 9 major groups which are personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, pesticides, mycotoxins, radionuclides and electromagnetic radiations (Gamma radiation) and other pollutants of emerging concerns such as microbes, microplastics, and particulate matter. These pollutants are found in water bodies and underground waters, soils and sediments, biological systems, and ambient air at different concentrations with seasonal variations. Some of these pollutants act as endocrine disruptors, β-adrenergic receptors agonist blockers, oxidative stress inducers and can cause genetic alterations in DNA and epigenetic reprogramming through global DNA methylation, gene-specific CpG methylation and microRNA expression. Emerging pollutants of public health concern in Nigeria are on the in- crease and are threat to both ecological and human health.
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals
(Springer, 2020-08) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Tupas, Genevieve; Onyekere, Peculiar Feenna; Akram, Muhammad; Olatunde, Ahmed; Gupta, Ena; Ezzat, Shahira M; Munir, Naveed; Daniyal, Muhammad; Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru
Functional foods and nutraceuticals are food products that naturally offer or have been modified to offer additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition. As such products have surged in popularity in recent years, it is crucial that researchers and manufacturers understand the concepts underpinning functional foods and the opportunity they represent to improve human health, reduce healthcare costs, and support economic development worldwide. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Bioactive Components, Formulations and Innovations presents a guide to functional foods from experienced professionals in key institutions around the world. The text provides background information on the health benefits, bioavailability, and safety measurements of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Subsequent chapters detail the bioactive components in functional foods responsible for these health benefits, as well as the different formulations of these products and recent innovations spurred by consumer demands. Authors emphasize product development for increased marketability, taking into account safety issues associated with functional food adulteration and solutions to be found in GMP adherence. Various food preservation methods aimed at enhancing the quality and shelf life of functional food are also highlighted. Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Bioactive Components, Formulations and Innovations is the first of its kind, designed to be useful to students, teachers, nutritionists, food scientists, food technologists and public health regulators alike.
Health Benefits of Isoflavones Found Exclusively of Plants of the Fabaceae Family
(Springer, 8/25/2020) Suddhasuchi, Das; Sharangi, A. B.; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Ezzat, Shahira M; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Tijjani, Habibu; Olisah, Michael Chinedu; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C.; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Ifemeje, Jonathan C.; Akram, Muhammad; Moboladji, Bankole Marc; Onyeike, Precious Chidinma
This chapter presents recent studies on the health benefits of isoflavones from the flowering plants of the Leguminosae family- Fabaceae, which are commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family. Notable agricultural and food plants in this family are Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua (carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice). It was established from literary sources that extracts from these plants, including the invasive species contains important isoflavones. Prominent among the isoflavones biologically active aglycones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Other isoflavones are ononin and sissotrin, with their aglycones, formononetin and biochanin A respectively. These compounds have been described to be active against some life-threatening diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases among others.
Health Benefits of Isoflavones Found Exclusively of Plants of the Fabaceae Family
(Springer, 8/25/2020) Das, Suddhasuchi; Sharangi, A. B; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Ezzat, Shahira M; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Tijjani, Habibu; Olisah, Michael Chinedu; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Akram, Muhammad; Moboladji, Bankole Marc; Onyeike, Precious Chidinma
This chapter presents recent studies on the health benefits of isoflavones from the flowering plants of the Leguminosae family- Fabaceae, which are commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family. Notable agricultural and food plants in this family are Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua (carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice). It was established from literary sources that extracts from these plants, including the invasive species contains important isoflavones. Prominent among the isoflavones biologically active aglycones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. Other isoflavones are ononin and sissotrin, with their aglycones, formononetin and biochanin A respectively. These compounds have been described to be active against some life-threatening diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases among others.
Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023-05) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Onyeike, Eugene N; Khan, Johra; Palai, Santwana; Patel, Sandip B; Parmar, Vijaykumar K; Kushwaha8 |, Garima; Singh, Omkar; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Kumarasamy, Suresh; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Narayanan, Mathiyazhagan; Rudrapal, Mithun; Odoh, Uchenna; Chikeokwu, Ikenna; Găman, Mihnea-Alexandru; Saravanan, Kaliyaperumal; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Ezzat, Shahira M; Olisah, Michael C; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Adedokun, Kamoru A.; Imodoye, Sikiru O.; Bello, Ibrahim O.; Twinomuhwezi, Hannington; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill
This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the po- tential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors as- sociated with the onset of AML include long-term exposure to radiation and chemi- cals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others. Although novel strategies to manage AML, including a refinement of the conventional chemotherapy regimens, hypomethylating agents, and molecu- lar targeted drugs, have been developed in recent years, resistance and relapse re- main the main clinical problems. In this study, three databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were systematically searched to identify various bioactive compounds with antileukemic properties. A total of 518 articles were iden- tified, out of which 59 were viewed as eligible for the current report. From the data extracted, over 60 bioactive compounds were identified and divided into five major groups: flavonoids, alkaloids, organosulfur compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids, and other known and emerging bioactive compounds. The mechanism of actions of the analyzed individual bioactive molecules differs remarkably and includes disrupting chromatin structure, upregulating the synthesis of certain DNA repair proteins, in- ducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibiting/regulating Hsp90 activities, DNA methyltransferase 1, and histone deacetylase 1.
Phytochemicals as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery. 1st Edition, Bioactive lead compounds and molecular targets for the treatment of heart diseases.
(Elsevier, 09/10/2019) Kaliyaperumal, Saravanan; Ezzat, Shahira M; Ifemeje, Jonathan; Kumar, Shashank; Egbuna, Chukwuebuka
Phytochemicals as Lead Compounds for New Drug Discovery presents complete coverage of the recent advances in the discovery of phytochemicals from medicinal plants as models to the development of new drugs and chemical entities. Functional bioactive compounds of plant origin have been an invaluable source for many human therapeutic drugs and have played a major role in the treatment of diseases around the world. These compounds possess enormous structural and chemical diversity and have led to many important discoveries. This book presents fundament concepts and factors affecting the choice for plant-based products, as well as recent advances in computer-aided drug discovery and FDA drug candidacy acceptance criteria. It also details the various bioactive lead compounds and molecular targets for a range of life-threatening diseases including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology
(Hindawi, 7/30/2021) Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Parmar, Vijaykumar K.; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Ezzat, Shahira M; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Khan, Johra; Onyeike, Eugene N; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Akram, Muhammad; Ibrahim, Mervat S; El Mahdy, Nihal M; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill; Saravanan, Kaliyaperumal; Tijjani, Habibu; Odoh, Uchenna Estella; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Olisah, Michael C; Ezeofor, Nebechi Jane; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Ibeabuchi, Chinwe Gloria
Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. )e development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. )is review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. )e extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.