Browsing by Author "Bakr R.O."

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Antioxidant activity and molecular docking study of Erythrin neillii polyphenolics
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Gabr S.K.; Bakr R.O.; Mostafa E.S.; El-Fishawy A.M.; El-Alfy T.S.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; 11562; Egypt
Species of genus Erythrina have a great contribution in folk medicine; various species are utilized as a tranquilizer, to treat insomnia, inflammation and colic. Besides, Erythrina species have reported antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anxiolytic activities. Erythrina neillii is a hybrid obtained through a cross between E. herbacea L. and E. humeana Spreng. It has not been well-studied for its chemical or biological profile; therefore it represents an interesting field of study. In this study, seven phenolic compounds; two hydrolysable tannins (1,3), one phenolic acid (2) and four known flavonoids (4�7) were isolated and characterized for the first time in E neillii and Erythrina genus except for vitexin (7). Isolated compounds were assessed for their antioxidant activities using ORAC assay. 2?-O-galloyl orientin (6) exhibited the highest activity followed by 2?-O-galloyl vitexin (5). Flexible molecular docking on heme oxygenase, an important stress protein that is involved in cellular protection, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, justified the antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds. The best scoring was observed with 2?-O-galloyl orientin forming four binding interactions with residues, Arg 136 (two interactions), Met34 and Gly139. Erythrina neillii offered powerful and available antioxidant beside significantly active phytoconstituents. 2018 South African Association of Botanists
Botanical and genetic characters of Erythrina neillii cultivated in Egypt
(Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2017) Gabr S.K.; Bakr R.O.; Elshishtawy H.M.; El-Fishawy A.M.; El-Alfy T.S.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; Egypt; Microbial Molecular Biology Department; Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute; Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; Egypt
Erythrina neillii Mabberley & Lorence, Fabaceae, is a sterile hybrid between E. herbacea L. and E. humeana Spreng. Nothing was traced about its genetic, macro and micromorphology. Therefore, it was deemed of interest to study its botanical characters, in addition to the DNA fingerprint to help in the identification of the plant. The anatomical characters of the old stem and its bark are characterized by the presence of cork cells, bast fibers and sclereids. Pericycle is sclerenchymatous forming crystal sheath. The epidermises of the leaf and young stem are characterized by the presence of anomocytic and paracytic stomata, non-glandular, unicellular and multicellular two armed hairs, and glandular club shaped hair. Calcium oxalate is present in the form of crystal sheath and prisms. Secretory cavities are distributed in the phloem and cortex. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was used as one of the molecular methods to differentiate between the samples of Erythrina. The DNA of Erythrina was extracted and analyzed using seven-mer random primers. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA were recognized. This characterization allows certification of the authenticity of Erythrina � neillii, in order to provide quality control for the plant. � 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia.
Centaurea pumilio L. extract and nanoparticles: A candidate for healthy skin
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Mostafa E.; Fayed M.A.A.; Radwan R.A.; Bakr R.O.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sadat City; Egypt; Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Technology; Heliopolis University; Cairo; Egypt
Centaurea pumilio was the subject of phytochemical and biological studies, and its extract was used in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry allowed the tentative identification of twenty-nine phytoconstituents of C. pumilio methanolic extract (CME), while column chromatography led to the identification of eight phenolic compounds. The neutral red uptake method showed the safety of CME and AgNPs on skin cells (HaCaT cell lines), while their high antioxidant potentials were demonstrated based on their oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and these results were confirmed in vivo. Additionally, CME and AgNPs had promising abilities to retard the ageing process and combat dark spots by potently inhibiting collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase, in addition to antimicrobial activity against skin infection-causing strains, especially Staphylococcus aureus, which was further confirmed by the significant phagocytic activity of neutrophils via engulfment. This study presents C. pumilio as a candidate for healthy skin. 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana (Family Asteraceae)
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2017) Shahat E.A.; Bakr R.O.; Eldahshan O.A.; Ayoub N.A.; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo; Egypt; Pharmacology Department; Faculty of Medicine; Umm Al-Qura University; Makkah; 24382; Saudi Arabia
The composition of the essential oil isolated from leaves and flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana E. Gamal-Eldin, growing in Egypt, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-nine and 68 compounds were identified from the oils of the leaves and flowers accounting for 86.69 and 84.29%, respectively of the total detected constituents. Both leaves and flowers oils were characterized by the high content of carvotanacetone with 66.01, 50.87 and chrysanthenone 13.26, 24.3%, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of both essential oils was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HEPG-2, using MTT assay and vinblastine as a reference drug. Leaf oil showed higher activity with IC50 11.4�?g/ml compared with 37.4�?g/ml for flower oil. The antimicrobial activity of both oils was evaluated using agar well diffusion method towards two representatives for each of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as four representatives for fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both essential oils against bacterial and fungal strains was obtained in the range of 0.49��15.63�?g/ml. � 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland
A completely polyherbal conditioning and antioxidant shampoo: A phytochemical study and pharmaceutical evaluation
(International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2019) Bakr R.O.; Amer R.I.; Fayed M.A.A.; Ragab T.I.M.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Sadat City; Sadat City; Egypt; Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products; Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Giza; Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo; Egypt
Aim: A recent approach in shampoo research has been to find a natural alternative for synthetic detergents that have deteriorative effects on hair follicles. This study aimed at the formulation of a completely herbal shampoo containing a natural foaming agent, in addition to having conditioning, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Material and Methods: The leaves of Salix babylonica L., Ziziphus spina-christi L. (Willd), and Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizomes were extracted with 70% methanol then quantified for their phenolic and flavonoid contents using colorimetric assays that were qualitatively identified by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). The mineral content was also estimated. The radical scavenging activity was estimated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was tested using agar diffusion assay and compared to vancomycin and ketoconazole. Four formulations, consisting of the different plant extracts and a combination of the extracts, were prepared and evaluated for several physicochemical properties. The best formula was evaluated for its conditioning effects using scanning electron microscope and blind touch tests by asking volunteers for grading the formulations. Results and Discussion: UPLC-MS-MS analysis of S. babylonica and Z. spina-christi allowed tentative identification of 12 phytoconstituents in each. Z. spina-christi showed the highest phenolic content and a high copper, zinc, and manganese content beside the best antioxidant activity, whereas G. glabra had a high potency against Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. The polyherbal shampoo formulation (F4) was selected as an optimized formulation because of a high foam stability after 4 min, low wetting time (2 s), surface tension reduction, and comparable results for percent solid content. F4 showed good conditioning effect and consumer contentment. Conclusion: The formulated polyherbal shampoo is chemical free, extra-nourishing shampoo with excellent conditioning, cleansing, and antimicrobial effects. � 2019 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.
Hepatoprotective activity of Erythrina neillii leaf extract and characterization of its phytoconstituents
(Elsevier GmbH, 2019) Bakr R.O.; Fayed M.A.A.; Fayez A.M.; Gabr S.K.; El-Fishawy A.M.; Taha S.El-Alfy; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; El-Sadat City University; Egypt; Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; 11787; Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo; 11562; Egypt
Background: Natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents have the ability to restore normal balance to destructed liver cells. The genus Erythrina has attracted attention for its broad spectrum of physiological activities and its rich polyphenolic and alkaloid contents. Hypothesis/Purpose: The major phytoconstituents of Erythrina neillii, an ornamental coral tree and a hybrid between E. herbacea and E. humeana that was not previously studied, were investigated. The hepatoprotective effect and underlying mechanisms were also assessed. Study design and methods: The main phytoconstituents in the different fractions of the alcoholic leaf extract (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) were identified using high resolution high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-HPLC-MS-MS) based on the fragmentation pattern and molecular formula of the identified compounds and on previous literature. In addition, the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of three doses of E. neillii alcoholic leaf extract (100, 250, 500 mg/kg) were investigated in methotrexate (MTX)-intoxicated rats and were compared with those of silymarin-treated rats. Liver function parameters were obtained, and a histopathological study was performed. In addition, the anti-inflammatory mediators and the antioxidant system in the liver tissues were assessed. Results: The dichloromethane extract revealed an abundance of alkaloids (25), in addition to tentatively identifying flavone (1), flavanone (1) and three fatty acids. Additionally, thirty-six compounds belonging to different classes of phytoconstituents with a predominance of flavonoids (21), O/C-flavone and flavonol glycosides, followed by alkaloids (9), fatty acids (4) and (2), and phenolic glycoside were identified in the ethyl acetate extract. Compared with MTX, alcoholic leaf extract (500 mg/kg) ameliorated the MTX-induced alterations by improving several biochemical marker levels, fighting oxidative stress in serum and liver tissues, and decreasing inflammatory mediators; this finding was further confirmed by the histopathological study. Conclusion: This study reveals E. neillii, a rich source of flavonoids and alkaloids, which could be further exploited to provide a promising and safe antihepatotoxic agent source. 2018 Elsevier GmbH
Microscopical and phytochemical investigation of egyptian artemisia judaica l. Var. sinaitica tackholm and its free radical scavenging activity
(International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2014) Bakr R.O.; Pharmacognosy Department; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt
Artemisia judaica L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial fragrant small shrub widely growing in desert and coast of Egypt. Microscopical features of the leaves were characterized by the presence of non glandular T-shaped trichomes beside the tube like secretory duct responsible for oil production and storage. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays where ethyl acetate had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. Orientin was the major identified flavonoid. Radical scavenging activity was estimated using DPPH assay where butanol extract showed the highest potency compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisol. A. judaica represents a future antioxidant candidate from natural source. 2014, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All rights reserved.
Phenolic profile of centaurea aegyptiaca L. Growing in Egypt and its cytotoxic and antiviral activities
(African Ethnomedicines Network, 2016) Bakr R.O.; Mohamed S.A.E.H.; Ayoub N.; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University (Girls); Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; British University in Egypt (BUE); Egypt
Background: Centaurea aegyptiaca L (Asteraceae), is one of the most attractive plants growing wildly in Sinai, and is not well investigated for its phytochemical constituents. This study represents the first in-depth characterization of the phenolic profile of the aerial parts of C. aegyptiaca methanolic extract utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Material and Methods: Phenolic profile was researched utilizing LC-HRESI-MS-MS. Assessment of cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (Hep-G2; hepatocellular carcinoma cells, MCF-7; breast adenocarcinoma cells, and HCT-116; colon carcinoma and HELA; cervical carcinoma cells) was performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antiviral activity was surveyed utilizing cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Results: A total of sixty-one compounds were tentatively distinguished (twenty-one phenolic acids and their derivatives, thirty-one flavonols and nine flavones) in the negative and positive modes. Centaurea aegyptiaca demonstrated outstanding results against Hep-G2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HELA cell lines with IC50of 12.1, 30.9, 11.7 and 19.5 ?g/mL respectively compared and doxorubicin as a reference drug. Weak antiviral activity was seen against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and no impact against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1). Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the chemistry of C. aegyptiaca that announces itself as a promising cytotoxic agent. 2016, African Ethnomedicines Network. All rights reserved.
Profile of bioactive compounds in Nymphaea alba L. leaves growing in Egypt: Hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2017) Bakr R.O.; El-Naa M.M.; Zaghloul S.S.; Omar M.M.; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Giza; Egypt; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Pharmacology Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Giza; Egypt; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Pharmaceutics Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; Giza; Egypt; Universite Laval; Axe of Regenerative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Quebec City; Canada
Background: Nymphaea alba L. represents an interesting field of study. Flowers have antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects, rhizomes constituents showed cytotoxic activity against liver cell carcinoma, while several Nymphaea species have been reported for their hepatoprotective effects. Leaves of N. alba have not been studied before. Therefore, in this study, in-depth characterization of the leaf phytoconstituents as well as its antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities have been performed where N. alba leaf extract was evaluated as a possible therapeutic alternative in hepatic disorders. Methods: The aqueous ethanolic extract (AEE, 70%) was investigated for its polyphenolic content identified by high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS/MS), while the petroleum ether fraction was saponified, and the lipid profile was analysed using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis and compared with reference standards. The hepatoprotective activity of two doses of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg; P.O.) for 5 days was evaluated against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats, in comparison with silymarin. Liver function tests; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and total bilirubin were performed. Oxidative stress parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-? were detected in the liver homogenate. Histopathological examination of the liver and immunohistochemical staining of caspase-3 were performed Results: Fifty-three compounds were tentatively identified for the first time in N.alba leaf extract, where ellagitannins represent the main identified constituents. Nine hydrocarbons, two sterols and eleven fatty acids were identified in the petroleum ether extract where, palmitic acid and linolenic acids represented the major saturated and unsaturated fatty acid respectively. N.alba AEE significantly improved the liver function, oxidative stress parameters as well as TNF-? in addition to the amelioration of histopathological features of the liver and a profound decrease in caspase-3 expression. Conclusion: These results shed light on the hepatoprotective effect of N. alba that is comparable with that of silymarin. The antioxidant activities of N. alba extract in addition to the inhibition of crucial inflammatory mediator, as TNF-?, might be the possible hepatoprotective mechanisms. � 2017 The Author(s).
Profile of bioactive compounds of Capparis spinosa var.Aegyptiaca growing in Egypt
(Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 2016) Bakr R.O.; El Bishbishy M.H.; Pharmacognosy Department; Faculty of Pharmacy; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA); Giza; Egypt
The present study was designed to investigate polyphenolic and sulphur contents of the aerial parts of Capparis spinosa var.aegyptia (Lam.) Boiss., Capparaceae, wildly growing in Egypt.The chemical compositions of the water distilled essential oil were investigated by GC/MS analysis where the major constituent of the oil was methyl isothiocyanate (24.66%).Hydroethanolic extract was evaluated by LC-HRESI-MS-MS in both positive and negative modes.Forty-two compounds were identified including quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives in addition to myricetin, eriodictyol, cirsimaritin and gallocatechin derivatives.Quercetin tetrahexoside dirhamnoside as well as kaempferol dihexoside dirhamnoside have not been identified before in genus Capparis.Phenolic acids, such as quinic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid and chlorogenic acid were also identified.Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of hydroethanolic extract against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7; breast adenocarcinoma cells, Hep-G2; hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HCT-116; colon carcinoma) using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed significant effect with IC50 values 24.5, 24.4 and 11 g/ml, compared to Doxorubicin as a standard cytotoxic drug.C.spinosa revealed itself as a promising candidate for nutraceutical researches. 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia.
Radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta L. growing in Egypt
(Advanced Research Journals, 2012) Bakr R.O.; El-Raey M.A.E.A.; Farouk C.N.; Ahmed H.E.; Said O.M.E.; Pharmacognosy Department; October University for Modern Sciences and Arts; Giza; Egypt; Phytochemistry and Plant Chemosystematics Department; NationalResearch Center; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
Euphorbia hirtaL. (asthma weed, pill bearing spurge),is one of the most important species of Euphorbiaceaeindigenousto Egypt and widely used in folk medicine. It was the subject for many phytochemical and biological studies but correlation between phytoconstituents and biological activities were not well studied.The aim of the present study wasto correlatethe antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against twoof the most important health problems in Egypt with the main constituents in E hirta (phenolic and flavonoid). The different fractions obtained from successive extraction of E hirta were screened for their radical scavenging ability using 1,1 -diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) testin addition to cytotoxicity using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay against liver (Huh-7) and lung (A-549) cell carcinoma. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays (Folin-Ciocalteuand aluminum chloride assays respectively).Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractionappeared as potent radical scavenger (IC50 5.4�0.65?g/ml and IC90 11.9�0.84?g/ml) and had the highest potency against Huh-7 (IC50 36.7�1.02 ?g/ml)and A-549 (IC50114.4 �0.78 ?g/ml) cancer cell lines. These results are attributed to the highest flavonoid concentration (23�1.06 mg/gquercetin equivalent)in EtOAcfraction in addition to high content of phenolics (88.9 �0.57mg/g gallic acid equivalent). Further studies are necessary to isolate and identify the ethyl acetate's bioactive compounds and evaluation of their biological activities.