Browsing by Author "Bakr, Mahmoud M"

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Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Botulinum Toxin (BTX); Can Paralysis Be A Bless?
(AMBER PUBLICATION, 2016-03) Shamel, Mohamed; Ankily, Mahmoud M; Bakr, Mahmoud M
Botulinum toxin (BTX) commercially known as Botox is produced by Clostridium Botulinum, it has many different subtypes. It is a relatively safe agent with very few local and systemic adverse effects, and is currently used in a wide range of medical, dental and cosmetic procedures. BTX has the potential for an expanding range of applications in the future. In this article we review the mechanism of action, and all the well documented applications of BTX with a specific focus on its usage in the treatment of hyper-salivation and drooling. We propose a combination treatment for the above mentioned salivary gland conditions, which consists of BTX and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); a well-known potent polypeptide that promotes healing and repair. EGF is secreted though many bodily fluids including saliva. This combination treatment aims to prevent the atrophy of salivary glands that accompanies treatment with BTX. We aim to provide answers to the question whether BTX induced paralysis is a burden or bless? Our proposed combination treatment (BTX + EGF) will hopefully obtain the best of both worlds; the therapeutic effect of BTX and the healing potential of EGF. This will maintain the salivary glands. integrity and will allow for long term treatment with BTX with minimal side effects.
Epidermal Growth Factor Restores Cytokeratin Expression in Rats with Diabetes
(Amber Publication, 6/21/2020) Al-Ankily, Mahmoud M; Shamel, Mohamed; Bakr, Mahmoud M
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary glands dysfunction and disorders. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is highly important in the process of wound healing in different parts of the body. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of EGF to reverse the side effects of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in the submandibular salivary glands of adult Albino male rats, through immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratin in the parenchyma of the glands. Sixty rats were used in this study and were divided into three equal groups, a control group, an STZ induced group and EGF group where STZ induced rats are treated with a daily EGF injection of a dose of 10 µg/Kg body weight for two months. The overall expression of cytokeratin in the submandibular salivary glands of STZ induced rats decreased significantly when compared to the control group. However, in EGF group, cytokeratin expression levels were restored to values that were nearly equal to normal levels. Daily intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor in a dose of 10 µg/Kg body weight for two months, helped reverse the negative side effects of DM in STZ induced rats. However, a small amount of permanent damage was still evident. Future research will be conducted to confirm the above findings through immunohistochemical expression of myosin and E-cadherin as well as ultrastructural examination.
Epidermal Growth Factor Restores Cytokeratin Expression in Rats with Diabetes
(AMBER PUBLICATION, 2018-02) Bakr, Mahmoud M; Shamel, Mohamed; Al-Ankily, Mahmoud M
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has been associated with salivary glands dysfunction and disorders. Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) is highly important in the process of wound healing in different parts of the body. The aim of the present study is to investigate the capacity of EGF to reverse the side effects of Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in the submandibular salivary glands of adult Albino male rats, through immunohistochemical localization of cytokeratin in the parenchyma of the glands. Sixty rats were used in this study and were divided into three equal groups, a control group, an STZ induced group and EGF group where STZ induced rats are treated with a daily EGF injection of a dose of 10 mu g/Kg body weight for two months. The overall expression of cytokeratin in the submandibular salivary glands of STZ induced rats decreased significantly when compared to the control group. However, in EGF group, cytokeratin expression levels were restored to values that were nearly equal to normal levels. Daily intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor in a dose of 10 mu g/Kg body weight for two months, helped reverse the negative side effects of DM in STZ induced rats. However, a small amount of permanent damage was still evident. Future research will be conducted to confirm the above findings through immunohistochemical expression of myosin and E-cadherin as well as ultrastructural examination.