Browsing by Author "Allam, E."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Combined dyeing and resin finishing of wool/viscose and cotton/wool blends
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2006) Ibrahim, NA; Allam, E.; El-Hosamy, MB; El-Zairy, MR; El-Zairy, W.
The objective of this study is to establish a single-stage process for anionic dyeing and easy-care finishing of wool/viscose (60/40) and cotton/wool (70/30) blended fabrics. Optimum conditions for maximizing dyeability and achieving high resiliency are: Fixapret (R) ECO (50 g/L), triethanolamine hydrochloride (20 g/L), ammonium persulfate (7.5 g/L) at 160 degrees C for 3 min. The extent of improvement in both the depth of shade and easy-care properties is determined by the nature of substrate and follows the descending order wool/viscose > cotton/wool. On the other hand, the extent of dye fixation and the change in fastness properties of the obtained dyeings are determined by the class of dyestuff.
New thickening agents for reactive printing of cellulosic fabrics
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Ibrahim, N. A.; Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Four adducts were prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid (AA) in presence of either a pyrodextrin (D) or gum Arabic (GA), and termed as PAA/D-1, PAA/D-2, PAA/GA(1), and PAA/GA(2). These adducts were utilized as thickeners in reactive printing of cotton fabric in comparison with Na-Alginate. Printing was carried out at different conditions including: NaHCO3 concentration (0-40 g/K), urea concentration (0-200 g/k), steaming temperature (100-130 degrees C) and time (5-35 min). At optimal NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K) the depth of shade of the prints, expressed as K/S values, depended on the nature of the thickener used, and followed the descending order PAA/D2 > PAA/GA, > Na-Alginate >> PAA/D-1 >= PAA/GA(2). Accordingly, PAA/D-1 and PAA/GA(2) were omitted in subsequent trials. Optimal printing conditions were found to be NaHCO3 concentration (30 g/K), urea concentration (100 g/k), steaming temperature (110 degrees C), and time (15 min). The apparent viscosity of a printing paste, as well as both of K/S value and fastness properties of a print were governed by the nature of the reactive dye and type of thickener. Storing of a printing paste up to 7 days resulted in a decrease in its apparent viscosity along with a slight reduction in K/S value and a little variation in some fastness properties of prints. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylic acid/dexy 85 and polyacrylic acid/gum arabic adducts
(JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 2006) Abo-Shosha, M. H.; Ibrahim, N. A.; Allam, E.; El-Zairy, M. R.; El-Zairy, E. M.
Polyacrylic acid/gum arabic or polyacrylic acid/dextrin (PAA/GA or PAA/D) adducts were prepared by free radical polymerization of highly concentrated, partially neutralized AA using Na2S2O8/Na2S2O3 redox system in the presence of GA or D. Optimum reaction conditions, viz., AA, 6.76 mol/L; Na2S2O3, 26.87 X 10(-3) mol/L; Na2S2O8, 34.9 X 10(-3) mol/L; degree of neutralization, 20%; temperature, 90 degrees C; and time 30 min, were utilized in preparing two adducts of each substrate (GA or D) at two liquor ratios (LRs; 1.25/1 and 6.3/1 L/K). The four adducts formed, viz., PAA/GA,, PAA/GA, PAA/D,, and PAA/D-2 (where 1 and 2 refer to the low and high LR, respectively) were found to be water soluble at all proportions. IR spectrum of these adducts confirmed the introduction of the COOH group onto their structures. Rheological properties of 7%, aqueous solutions of these adducts, including Na-alginate (Alg), showed that all are characterized by a non-Newtonian, shear-thinning, thixotropic behavior. Within the range of shear rate studied, the apparent viscosities of these solutions followed the descending order: PAA/D2 > PAA/D-1 > Alg > GA(1) = PAA/GA(2). Completing neutralization (Na form) of adducts to 100% results in a remarkable enhancement of their apparent viscosities, so that they follow the descending order, depending on the shear rate: At 2 s(-1) shear rate: PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) > Alg At 18.89 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > Alg >= PAA/GA(2) At 40 s(-1) shear rate:PAA/D-2 > PAA/D-1 = PAA/GA(1) > PAA/GA(2) = Alg (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, hic.
Union dyeing of easy care-finished wool/viscose and cotton/wool blends
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC., 2006) Ibrahim, NA; Allam, E.; El-Hosamy, MB; El-Zairy, MR; El-Zairy, W.
Wool/viscose (60/40) and cotton/wool (70/30) blended fabrics have been easy-care finished in the presence of certain nitrogenous additives to produce readily dyeable cationic cellulose for competitive dyeing with wool dyes. The enhancement of easy care properties and improvement in post-dyeing of the finished fabrics were determined by the nature of substrate (wool/viscose > cotton/wool), type of catalyst (ammonium persulfate > ammonium sulfate > ammonium chloride > none), the kind of nitrogenous additive, as well as the type of polyethylene glycol (PEG-400 > PEG-200 > NONE). Using triethanolamine hydrochloride as a reactive/nitrogenous additive (30 g/L) in the finishing formulation as well as curing at 150 degrees C/3 min make it possible to attain higher fabric resiliency along with better dye receptivity, regardless of the used anionic dye. However, the change in dyeing and fastness properties of obtained dyeing is governed by the nature of the anionic dye.