Browsing by Author "Abdellatief, Tamer M.M"

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Has the time finally come for green oleochemicals and biodiesel production using large-scale enzyme technologies? Current status and new developments
(Elsevier Inc., 2023-10) Mustafa, Ahmad; Faisal, Shah; Ahmed, Inas A; Munir, Mamoona; Cipolatti, Eliane Pereira; Manoel, Evelin Andrade; Pastore, Carlo; di Bitonto, Luigi; Hanelt, Dieter; Nitbani, Febri Odel; El-Bahy, Zeinhom M; Inayat, Abrar; Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Tonova, Konstantza; Bokhari, Awais; Abomohra, Abdelfatah
With the growth of the chemical industry over the last decade, the need for cheaper (and more environmentally friendly) alternatives to petrochemicals of ever-increasing cost has grown steadily. Oleochemicals and biodiesel (OC/BD) are considered as green alternatives to petroleum derivatives, because they come from renewable oils and fats. OC/BD are currently produced by the traditional energy intensive chemical catalyzed methods, which have several economic and environmental drawbacks. For these reasons, the enzymatic production of OC/BD has attracted a growing attention for their greener pathway with respect to the chemically catalyzed processes. Lipase-catalyzed processes have a low energy requirement, since reactions are performed under atmospheric pressure and mild temperature and without the creation of side reactions. Furthermore, utilization of enzyme catalysts offers many advantages such as reducing the initial capital investment due to simplified downstream processing steps. Despite all the previous advantages, however, the high cost of lipases restricted their large-scale utilization. In the past decade, efforts have been made to reduce the cost of the enzymatic-catalyzed synthesis of OC/BD. However, most previous studies have studied only the technical feasibility of the lipase-catalyzed re- actions and overlocked the economic viability. This review critically discusses the factors affecting the promotion of the economic feasibility of the enzymatic processes from the lab to large scale. These include reactor configuration, type of feedstock, conditions optimization, immobilization, lipase-producing microorganisms
Has the time finally come for green oleochemicals and biodiesel production using large-scale enzyme technologies? Current status and new developments
(Elsevier Inc, 2023-12) Mustafa, Ahmad; Faisal, Shah; Ahmed, Inas A; Munir, Mamoona; Cipolatti, Eliane Pereira; Manoel, Evelin Andrade; Pastore, Carlo; Bitonto, Luigi di; Hanelt, Dieter; Nitbani, Febri Odel; El-Bahy, Zeinhom M; Inayat, Abrar; Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Tonova, Konstantza; Bokhari, Awais; Abomohra, Abdelfatah
With the growth of the chemical industry over the last decade, the need for cheaper (and more environmentally friendly) alternatives to petrochemicals of ever-increasing cost has grown steadily. Oleochemicals and biodiesel (OC/BD) are considered as green alternatives to petroleum derivatives, because they come from renewable oils and fats. OC/BD are currently produced by the traditional energy intensive chemical catalyzed methods, which have several economic and environmental drawbacks. For these reasons, the enzymatic production of OC/BD has attracted a growing attention for their greener pathway with respect to the chemically catalyzed processes. Lipase-catalyzed processes have a low energy requirement, since reactions are performed under atmospheric pressure and mild temperature and without the creation of side reactions. Furthermore, utilization of enzyme catalysts offers many advantages such as reducing the initial capital investment due to simplified downstream processing steps. Despite all the previous advantages, however, the high cost of lipases restricted their large-scale utilization. In the past decade, efforts have been made to reduce the cost of the enzymatic-catalyzed synthesis of OC/BD. However, most previous studies have studied only the technical feasibility of the lipase-catalyzed reactions and overlocked the economic viability. This review critically discusses the factors affecting the promotion of the economic feasibility of the enzymatic processes from the lab to large scale. These include reactor configuration, type of feedstock, conditions optimization, immobilization, lipase-producing microorganisms.
Low carbon energy technologies envisaged in the context of sustainable energy for producing high-octane gasoline fuel
(Elsevier Ltd., 2023-02) Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Ershov, Mikhail A; Kapustin, Vladimir M; Chernysheva, Elena A; Mustafa, Ahmad
With increasing issues, concerning the depletion of petroleum fossil fuels and the environment, various re- searchers have examined an innovative and appropriate surrogated fuel. Various advanced countries maximize alternative fuel to fight against atmospheric alteration. In this perspective, the current research aims to introduce low-carbon energy technologies envisaged in the context of sustainable energy for generating high-octane gas- oline fuel. Four gasoline feedstocks were selected for investigation in the present research as materials. Partic- ularly, these components are gasoline additives, such as bioethanol (E), di-isobutylene (DIB), and dimate (D) with baseline motor gasoline stream, like hydrocracked gasoline (HG). To execute the present work, several gasoline fuels and experimental facilities that correspond to European standard regulations were employed. Additionally, the composition of the optimum sample was 50 % of hydrocracked gasoline, 35 % of bioethanol, 10 % of di-isobutylene, as well as 5 % of dimate. Therefore, the optimal gasoline blend provided high-octane gasoline RON 98 with great ecological characteristics. Besides, the experimental results displayed that the antidetonation performance can be varied consecutively as bioethanol > di-isobutylen > dimate > hydrocracked gasoline by octane number. What’s more, the simultaneous incorporation of bioethanol, di-isobutylene, and dimate changed antiknock characteristics, in terms of vapor pressure, the distillation curve, as well as the density in a route that could impact engine operation. Conclusively, the acquired results stated that it might be merits to utilize bioethanol to provide the added value of hydrocracked gasoline, di-isobutylene, and dimate to establish an innovative high gasoline product in RON of 98 considered the restrictions for high olefins conten
Sustainable synthesis of 2-ethyl hexyl oleate via lipase-catalyzed esterification: A holistic simulation and cost analysis study
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-07) Faisal, Shah; Sadek, M. Shaaban; Pastore, Carlo; di Bitonto, Luigi; Alshammari, Saud O; Mussagy, Cassamo U; El-Bahy, Salah M; Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; El-Bahy, Zeinhom M; Mustafa, Ahmad
Lipase catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid esters has recently attracted much attention as it represents a cleaner production route compared to the conventional energy intensive chemical method. In this study, the technical and economic viability of 2-ethyl hexyl oleate (2-EHO) synthesis by the catalytic esterification of oleic acid (OA) and 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol (2-EHA) in a stirred tank reactor using Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B) was investigated. A conversion rate of 91% was obtained by adopting the subsequent optimized parameters: 4% enzyme amount, 2 h reaction time, 4:1 M ratio of alcohol to fatty acid, 150 rpm stirring speed, and 60 °C temperature. The lipase operational stability study showed that enzymes can be used for 30 successive cycles without significant lose in activity. The use of Aspen Plus simulator enabled the development of a detailed process flow diagram, which significantly improved the understanding of this clean production method and assessed the overall costs. A holistic cost analysis revealed a production cost of $2109 per ton of 2-EHO, thereby yielding an approximate 28% profit margin relative to prevailing market rates. Rigorous financial assessments corroborated the project's viability, substantiating a net present value (NPV) of $14.7 MM, a return on investment (ROI) of 583.91% (plant life time = 15 years), projected Payback Period stands at 6 years, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 23%. These results confirm the technical and economic feasibility of lipase catalyzed production of 2-EHO, highlighting its potential as an environmentally and profitable approach in the synthesis of fatty acid esters.
A unifying methodology for gasoline-grade biofuel from several renewable and sustainable gasoline additives
(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024-08) Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Ershov, Mikhail A; Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali; Mustafa, Ahmad; Jamil, Farrukh; Kapustin, Vladimir M; Makhova, Ulyana A; Chernysheva, Elena A; Savelenko, Vsevolod D; Klimov, Nikita A; Olabi, Abdul Ghani
To increase thermal efficiency and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, the research of fuel formulation and combustion processes for internal combustion engines has drawn attention from all across the world. The aim of the current study is divided into two subsections. The first of this section's two subsections is to thoroughly assess the impacts of physical and chemical properties of different mixtures of several gasoline octane boosters on low petroleum hydrocarbon products. Additionally, the creation of bio-gasoline fuels with high environmental octane ratings using various combinations of specific gasoline octane boosters is covered in the second of this section's two subsections. The gasoline additives included di-isobutylene (DIB), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and isopropanol (IP). Furthermore, low petroleum gasoline fractions involved naphtha from natural gas condensate (N), light straight-run naphtha (LSRN), and hydrocracked gasoline (HG). In the current study, those renewable and sustainable gasoline additives and low petroleum hydrocarbon gasoline fractions were blended and examined as an innovative gasoline biofuel for gasoline engines for the first time. The experimental findings indicated that the octane number might be used to vary the antidetonation performance in the following order: ethanol> MTBE > Di-isobutylene > isopropanol > dimate > light straight-run naphtha > hydrocracked gasoline > naphtha from natural gas condensate > heavy straight run naphtha. Five different blends were applied and the physical and chemical characterizations of each blend separately in detail were investigated. The experimental results reported that octane numbers by research method for samples one, two, three, four, and five were 90.3, 92, 95.3, 98, and 100.2, respectively.
Unleashing the power of non-edible oil seeds of Ipomoea cairica for cleaner and sustainable biodiesel production using green Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) nano catalyst
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024-04) Chaudhry, Bisha; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Munir, Mamoona; Ramadan, Mohamed Fawzy; Munir, Mumna; Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane; Faisal, Shah; Abdellatief, Tamer M.M; Mustafa, Ahmad
This research aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the novel and cost-effective use of Ipomoea cairica L. seeds as a potential feedstock for green energy technologies. Ipomoea cairica L. seeds (42 % oil, 0.67 % free fatty acid content) were used as a promising source for producing sustainable biodiesel using novel green Molybdenum Oxide (MoO3) nanocatalyst. The Ipomoea cairica seeds utilized in this study serve a dual purpose: they provide feedstock for the future energy mix, and their seed shells (considered waste) are used as a starting material for synthesizing green nanocatalysts. The highest biodiesel yield of 95 % was achieved under optimal reaction conditions of 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio, 50 °C, 120 min, and 0.4 (wt.%) catalyst loading. In order to evaluate the quality and characteristics of the resultant biodiesel and synthesized nanocatalyst, a detailed examination was conducted utilizing analytical techniques such EDX, XRD, FTIR, SEM, NMR (1H, 13C) and GC–MS analysis. The phytofabricated nanocatalyst unveils highest recyclability (up to 5 cycles), reactivity, stability and efficiency during transesterification operations. The produced biodiesel was also optimized using response surface methodology (Box-Behnken Design). When compared to conventional diesel, the biodiesel made from Ipomoea cairica L. seed oil showed better oxidative stability and reduced viscosity, suggesting that it might be a viable replacement for conventional fuel without compromising engine performance. Moreover, using untamed, uncultivated, and non-edible seed plants to produce biodiesel presents a chance to move toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy plan.