Browsing by Author "Abd El-Baky, Rehab Mahmoud"

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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Monolaurin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections
(Wiley, 2024-08) Abd El-Ghany, Shimaa Salah Hassan; Azmy, Ahmed Farag; EL-Gendy, Ahmed Osama; Abd El-Baky, Rehab Mahmoud; Mustafa, Ahmad; Abourehab, Mohammed A. S; El-Beeh, Mohamed E; Ibrahem, Reham Ali
Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life-threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. Tis study aimed to assess the infuence of monolaurin on bioflm-forming MRSA. Methods. Te agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profle of selected antibiotics. Te assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Te tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin’s antibioflm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC50), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) discerned a monolaurin efect on the expression of the icaD gene. Results. Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic efect of monolaurin with β-lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (p < 0.001). Among the 103 investigated MRSA isolates, 44 (44.7%) displayed moderate bioflm formation, while 59 (55.3%) were strong bioflm producers. Antibioflm activity demonstrated concentration dependence, confrming monolaurin’s capacity to inhibit bioflm formation and exhibited strong eradicating efects against preformed MRSA bioflms with IC50 values of 203.6 μg/mL and 379.3 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed reduced cell attachments and diminished bioflm formation compared to the control. Te expression levels of the icaD gene were remarkably reduced at monolaurin concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. Conclusion. Monolaurin had signifcant inhibitory efects on MRSA pre-existing bioflms as well as bioflm development. So, it can be employed in the treatment of severe infections, particularly those associated with bioflm formation including catheter-associated infections.
Efficacy and durability of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus killed vaccine adjuvanted with monolaurin
(Public Library of Science, 2022-07-14) Abd El Fadeel, Maha Raafat; Soliman, Eman M; Allam, Ahmad Mohammad; ElKersh, Mohamed F; Abd El-Baky, Rehab Mahmoud; Mustafa, Ahmad
The bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes reproductive, enteric, and respiratory dis- eases. Vaccination is essential in increasing herd resistance to BVDV spread. The selection of an adjuvant is an important factor in the success of the vaccination process. Monolaurin or glycerol monolaurate is a safe compound with an immunomodulatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of monolaurin as a novel adjuvant. This was examined through the preparation of an inactivated BVDV (NADL strain) vaccine adjuvanted with dif- ferent concentrations of monolaurin and compared with the registered available locally pre- pared polyvalent vaccine (Pneumo-4) containing BVD (NADL strain), BoHV-1 (Abou Hammad strain), BPI3 (strain 45), and BRSV (strain 375L), and adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel. The inactivated BVDV vaccine was prepared using three concentrations, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, from monolaurin as adjuvants. A potency test was performed on five groups of animals. The first group, which did not receive vaccination, served as a control group while three other groups were vaccinated using the prepared vaccines. The fifth group received the Pneumo-4 vaccine. Vaccination response was monitored by measuring viral neutralizing antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that the BVD inactivated vaccine with 1% and 2% monolaurin elicited higher neutraliz- ing antibodies that have longer-lasting effects (nine months) with no reaction at the injection site in comparison to the commercial vaccine adjuvanted by aluminum hydroxide gel.