Browsing by Author "Abd El Fadeel, Maha Raafat"

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Efficacy and durability of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus killed vaccine adjuvanted with monolaurin
(Public Library of Science, 2022-07-14) Abd El Fadeel, Maha Raafat; Soliman, Eman M; Allam, Ahmad Mohammad; ElKersh, Mohamed F; Abd El-Baky, Rehab Mahmoud; Mustafa, Ahmad
The bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes reproductive, enteric, and respiratory dis- eases. Vaccination is essential in increasing herd resistance to BVDV spread. The selection of an adjuvant is an important factor in the success of the vaccination process. Monolaurin or glycerol monolaurate is a safe compound with an immunomodulatory effect. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of monolaurin as a novel adjuvant. This was examined through the preparation of an inactivated BVDV (NADL strain) vaccine adjuvanted with dif- ferent concentrations of monolaurin and compared with the registered available locally pre- pared polyvalent vaccine (Pneumo-4) containing BVD (NADL strain), BoHV-1 (Abou Hammad strain), BPI3 (strain 45), and BRSV (strain 375L), and adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel. The inactivated BVDV vaccine was prepared using three concentrations, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%, from monolaurin as adjuvants. A potency test was performed on five groups of animals. The first group, which did not receive vaccination, served as a control group while three other groups were vaccinated using the prepared vaccines. The fifth group received the Pneumo-4 vaccine. Vaccination response was monitored by measuring viral neutralizing antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that the BVD inactivated vaccine with 1% and 2% monolaurin elicited higher neutraliz- ing antibodies that have longer-lasting effects (nine months) with no reaction at the injection site in comparison to the commercial vaccine adjuvanted by aluminum hydroxide gel.
Novel preparation technique of hyperimmune globulins against bovine coronavirus as surrogate of beta coronavirus
(Unique Scientific Publishers, 44338) Abd El Fadeel, Maha Raafat; Allam, Ahmad Mohammad Mohammad; Elkersh, Mohamed Fekry; Mustafa, Ahmad
Consuming time and effort to prepare hyperimmune globulins using Freund’s adjuvant is a sophisticated and harsh technique. In this work, a novel, safe, and rabid method was proposed using monolaurin as an immune-stimulating agent in hyperimmune globulins production against Bovine coronavirus (BCoV). The mentioned virus was used as a surrogate to family Betacoronavirus. Bovine coronavirus (Mabus strain) with titer log10 5.8 tissue culture infective dose infectivity (TCID50)/ml was used in this experiment. The inactivation of the virus was done using 1% ascorbic acid for 24h. Monolaurin emulsion (10% w/v) of was prepared by sonication using tween 20 and water. The inactivated bovine coronavirus was added to the emulsion by 20% of the final volume. The immunoglobulins were prepared by inoculating the inactivated virus with the adjuvant in rabbits and evaluated on the Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line by virus neutralization test (VNT). The effect of the adjuvant was assessed by histopathological examination of vital organs such as the kidney and liver. The antibody titer against the BCoV was reached its peak, log2 1024 TCID50/ml, at the 3rd-week post-inoculation in the rabbits. The level of the globulin reached a high level and its peak (14.3g/dL) at the end of the experiment. No abnormalities were seen in the livers and kidneys of the negative control group of rabbits. Monolaurin showed a new level of safety and efficacy when used as an adjuvant during the preparation of the immunoglobulins against BCoV.