Abstract:
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2NPs), calcium titanate (CaTiO3NPs) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3NPs)
nanoparticles are prevalent in many industries, including food and medicine, but their small size raises
concerns about potential cellular damage and genotoxic efects. However, there are very limited
studies available on their genotoxic efects. Hence, this was done to investigate the efects of multiple
administration of Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs or/and Y2O3NPs on genomic DNA stability, mitochondrial
membrane potential integrity and infammation induction in mouse brain tissues. Mice were orally
administered Ca(OH)2NPs, CaTiO3NPs or/and Y2O3NPs at a dose level of 50 mg/kg b.w three times a
week for 2 weeks. Genomic DNA integrity was studied using Comet assay and the level of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) within brain cells was analyzed using 2,7 dichlorofuorescein diacetate dye. The
expression level of Presenilin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) genes
and the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential were also detected. Oral administration
of Ca(OH)2NPs caused the highest damage to genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential,
less genomic DNA and mitochondrial damage was induced by CaTiO3NPs administration while
administration of Y2O3NPs did not cause any remarkable change in the integrity of genomic DNA
and mitochondrial membrane potential. Highest ROS generation and upregulation of presenilin-1,
TNF-α and IL-6 genes were also observed within the brain cells of mice administrated Ca(OH)2NPs but
Y2O3NPs administration almost caused no changes in ROS generation and genes expression compared
to the negative control. Administration of CaTiO3NPs alone slightly increased ROS generation and the
expression level of TNF-α and IL-6 genes. Moreover, no remarkable changes in the integrity of genomic
DNA and mitochondrial DNA potential, ROS level and the expression level of presenilin-1, TNF-α
and IL-6 genes were noticed after simultaneous coadministration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and
CaTiO3NPs. Coadministration of Y2O3NPs with Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs mitigated Ca(OH)2NPs and
CaTiO3NPs induced ROS generation, genomic DNA damage and infammation along with restoring
the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential through Y2O3NPs scavenging free radicals ability.
Therefore, further studies are recommended to study the possibility of using Y2O3NPs to alleviate
Ca(OH)2NPs and CaTiO3NPs induced genotoxic efects.
