Abstract:
Cisplatin is one of the most important antitumor drugs, however; it has numerous adverse effects like nephrotoxicity which is considered one of cisplatin uses .
The study was planned to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of M. oleifera leaves extract loaded gold
nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
Initially, total phenolic contents (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the M. oleifera leaves extract were
evaluated and recorded 8.50 mg/g and 39.89 % respectively. After that, the dry leaves of M. oleifera were grinded
into fine powder and extracted using water extraction system. Then, different volumes (0.5, 1 and 2 mL) of
M. Oleifera were blended with constant volume of Au-NPs (1 mL). Both Au-NPs and M. oleifera extract loaded AuNPs were investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM) that illustrated the deposition of M. Oleifera
onto Au-NPs.
The experimental study was performed on seventy male albino rats alienated into seven groups. Group I
healthy rats, group II injected with one dose of cisplatin (CisPt), groups from III to VII treated groups received
CisPt then received M. Oleifera leaves extract alone and /or Au-NPs with different ratios and concentrations.
After the experiment’ time, serum urea and creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), advanced oxidation
protein products (AOPP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and
interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated as markers of renal nephrotoxicity. The kidneys of rats were excised for
malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assessments.
Induction of CisPt showed a highly significant disturbance in oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and inducing inflammatory cascades supporting nephrotoxicity, while treatment with M. Oleifera leaves extract, Au-NPs, and the
different concentrations of the extract loaded on Au-NPs had a crucial role in attenuating oxidative stress,
enhancing antioxidant systems, and reducing inflammatory biomarkers, although the most significant results
showed a powerful scavenging activity against nephrotoxicity induced by CisPt was obtained with M. Oleifera
leaves extract loaded on Au-NPs with a concentration of 2:1 respectively.
