Abstract:
Background: Calcium phosphate‑based systems have been introduced as promising bio‑mimetic
materials due to their close resemblance to the enamel. Chitosan and its derivatives have been an
emerging biomaterial due to their additional antibacterial effect and promising re‑mineralizing ability.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles on the remineralization
of the demineralized enamel surface after being added to nano‑hydroxyapatite and nano‑calcium
phosphate materials. Setting and Design: This was in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Twenty
specimens of extracted permanent molars were collected, and then immersed in demineralizing
solution, then distributed into four groups according to the remineralizing material. Group 1: Treated
with Nano‑beta‑tricalcium phosphate (Nβ‑TCP) gel, Group 2: Treated with Nβ‑TCP with chitosan
gel, Group 3: Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite (NHA) gel, and Group 4: Treated with NHA with
chitosan gel. The surface hardness of the teeth was measured at baseline, after demineralization,
and after remineralization. The structural changes in each group were analyzed using the scanning
electron microscopy. Statistical Analysis: Shapiro–Wilk’s test, one‑way ANOVA followed by
Tukey’s post hoc test was used. Results: In all groups, there was a significant difference in
mean Vickers hardness number (VHN) at different intervals, with the highest value found after
treatment (301.64–395.65) VHN, followed by the baseline (236.97–276.15) VHN, while the
lowest value was detected after demineralization (121.23–124.39) VHN. It was also indicated that
baseline treatment, the Hardness percentage change (%) of the nano NHA + Chitosan group showed
the highest significant value (55.10%), while the Nβ‑TCP group exhibited the lowest significant
value (9.56%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that NHA and NΒ‑TCP modified by chitosan NPs
as remineralizing agents of enamel surface hold promising results.
