Abstract:
Diverse applications of nanoparticles due to their unique properties has rapidly increased human
exposure to numerous nanoparticles such as calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), calcium titanate (CaTiO3),
and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles almost in all aspect of daily life. However, very limited data
are available on the efect of these nanoparticles on genomic DNA integrity and infammation
induction in the gastric tissues. Hence, this study estimated the efect of Ca(OH)2, CaTiO3, or/and
Y2O3 nanoparticles multiple oral administration on the genomic DNA damage and infammation
induction in the mice gastric tissues. A suspension containing 50 mg/kg b.w of Ca(OH)2, CaTiO3, or
Y2O3 nanoparticles were given orally to male mice separately or together simultaneously three
times a week for two consecutive weeks. Multiple oral administration of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles led to
signifcant elevations in DNA damage induction and ROS generation, in contrast to the non-signifcant
changes observed in the level of induced DNA damage and generated ROS after administration
of CaTiO3 or Y2O3 nanoparticles separately or in combination with Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles. Oral
administration of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles alone also highly upregulated INOS and COX-2 genes
expression and extremely decreased eNOS gene expression. However, high elevations in eNOS gene
expression were detected after multiple administration of CaTiO3 and Y2O3 nanoparticles separately
or together simultaneously with Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles. Meanwhile, non-remarkable changes were
noticed in the expression level of INOS and COX-2 genes after administration of CaTiO3 and Y2O3
nanoparticles separately or simultaneously together with Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles. In conclusion:
genomic DNA damage and infammation induced by administration of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles alone
at a dose of 50 mg/kg were mitigated by about 100% when CaTiO3 and Y2O3 nanoparticles were
coadministered with Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles until they reached the negative control level through
altering the expression level of eNOS, INOS and COX-2 genes and scavenging gastric ROS. Therefore,
further studies are recommended to investigate the toxicological properties of Ca(OH)2, CaTiO3 and
Y2O3 nanoparticles and possibility of using CaTiO3 and Y2O3 nanoparticles to mitigate genotoxicity and
infammation induction by Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles.
