Abstract:
Objectives Diabetes mellitus [DM], is a multifaceted metabolic disease, which has become a worldwide threat to human
wellness. Over the past decades, an enormous amount of attention has been devoted to understanding how microRNAs
[miRNAs], a class of small non-coding RNA regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, are tied to DM
pathology. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs control insulin synthesis, secretion, and activity. This review aims to pro-
vide an evaluation of the use of miR-143 and miR-145 as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes.
Methods The use of miR-143 and miR-145 as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes has been studied, and
research that examined this link was sought after in the literature. In addition, we will discuss the cellular and molecular
pathways of insulin secretion regulation by miR-143/145 expression and finally their role in diabetes.
Results In the current review, we emphasize recent findings on the miR-143/145 expression profiles as novel DM biomark-
ers in clinical studies and animal models and highlight recent discoveries on the complex regulatory effect and functional
role of miR-143/145 expression in DM.
Conclusion A novel clinical treatment that alters the expression and activity of miR-143/miR-145 may be able to return cells
to their natural state of glucose homeostasis, demonstrating the value of using comprehensive miRNA profiles to predict the
beginning of diabetes.
