Abstract:
Objectives. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of crestal, and
apical bone loss (CBL & ABL) associated with dental implants in CBCT scans. The
second objective was to assess the radiographic stage of implant disease and the visible
predisposing factors.
Materials and Methods. The CBCT scans that were taken from January 2015 to January
2022 in King Saud Medical City were screened to examine the marginal and periapical
condition of dental implants. Information related to demographic variables, stage
of bone loss, and radiographically evident predisposing factors were collected. The
results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression
analysis.
Results. In total, 772 implant scans were analyzed. The prevalence of crestal bone loss
and apical bone loss around the implants were 6.9% and 0.4% respectively. The amount
of bone loss was moderate in 52.8% of cases of CBL and 100% mild in cases of ABL. The
risk factors for CBL were patient age (p < 0.001), implant location (p < 0.001), bone
loss in proximal teeth (p < 0.001), and adjacent edentulous sites (p < 0.001). The risk
factors for ABL were adjacent periapical infection (p < 0.001) and endodontic therapy
(p = 0.024).
Conclusion. The prevalence of CBL and ABL was low. The CBCT can be used as a
diagnostic tool for studying the prevalence of bone loss associated with peri-implant
disease and relevant risk factors. The implantation of CBCT to evaluate the success
and the prognosis of dental implants or the treatment of peri-implant diseases can be
further considered in future research.
