Abstract:
The elimination of necrotic and inflamed pulp tissue, dentin debris, and microorganisms is
essential for the success of endodontic treatment. However, the root canal’s complexity has led to
incomplete cleaning and disinfection. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the penetrability of
three different irrigation activating techniques to the apical third of the root canal. Sixty sound single-
rooted human mandibular premolars are prepared with rotary instrumentation under continuous
sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Three irrigation activation techniques are utilized: group 1 (n = 20),
conventional needle irrigation (CN); group 2 (n = 20), side-vented endodontic needle irrigation (EN);
and group 3 (n = 20), manual activation irrigation with gutta-percha cone (MA). The penetrability is
assessed with the aid of a radiopaque irrigation solution using digital radiography in conjunction
with cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) measurements. Data are analyzed using a statistical
package for social sciences (SPSS), using multiple comparisons to compare the baseline and test
values. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis (Tukey honestly significant difference)
is performed to detect the statistically significant differences between groups. Manual activation
(MA) shows effective delivery of the irrigant into full WL, followed by endodontic needle (EN) and
conventional (CN) methods of activation (p < 0.001). The results of the present study show that
maximum penetrability of the irrigant is observed with manual activation (MA) using a gutta cone in
comparison with the conventional needle (CN).
