Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology
Egbuna, Chukwuebuka; Parmar, Vijaykumar K.; Jeevanandam, Jaison; Ezzat, Shahira M; Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Kingsley C; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Khan, Johra; Onyeike, Eugene N; Uche, Chukwuemelie Zedech; Akram, Muhammad; Ibrahim, Mervat S; El Mahdy, Nihal M; Awuchi, Chinaza Godswill; Saravanan, Kaliyaperumal; Tijjani, Habibu; Odoh, Uchenna Estella; Messaoudi, Mohammed; Ifemeje, Jonathan C; Olisah, Michael C; Ezeofor, Nebechi Jane; Chikwendu, Chukwudi Jude; Ibeabuchi, Chinwe Gloria
Date issued:
7/30/2021
Publisher:
Hindawi
Series Info:
Journal of Toxicology;Volume 2021, Article ID 9954443, 21 pages
Type:
Article
Keywords:
immunotoxicity
,
reproductive toxicity
,
genotox- icity
,
neurotoxicity
,
Nanoparticles
,
Toxicity
,
Biomedical
,
Nanotoxicology
Abstract:
Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine.
)e development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target,
compatibility, and functions. )is review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic effects, the factors underlying
their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious
health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. )e extent to which
toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect
ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on
its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.
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