Abstract:
We use classical computers every day in our lives and we can experience how beneficial they
are. However, today’s systems are getting more complex and problems are getting bigger
than what classical computers can solve because it doesn’t have the computational power
necessary to solve it. [1] And at this point, a new concept appears which is quantum
computers that can solve problems with big size and complexity in a very small time compared
to classical computers. [2] the idea of Quantum Computers leads to the emergence of a new
field called Quantum computing that is responsible for studying the usage of Quantum
computer’s power to perform computations. [1] [3]
Quantum computing’s main idea is the adaptation of quantum mechanics and mainly some
of the most important properties of quantum mechanics which are superposition,
measurement, and entanglement, by using these properties a significant speedup is achieved
in many problems like factorizations, encryption, and data searching [4].
The scope of this project is on small size as one of the greatest problems in quantum
computing is hardware, Most significant Quantum algorithms are implemented on small size
problem’s such as Shor’s algorithms which is one of the greatest quantum algorithms that
factorize numbers into its prime factors which solve a big problem in cryptography, this
algorithm was firstly implemented on small scale to just factorize a small number like 15 but
its concept was proven to be correct and can be implemented on bigger size. In Quantum
computing simulators are used as real quantum computers are not available making it difficult
to test algorithms on a large scale because quantum information needs large space to be
stored.