Abstract:
Cancer is a disease the cause a wide and huge mortality ratio all over the world
especially lung cancer of NSCLC type. Because of the severe side effects of
traditional chemotherapy and its severe side effects, the attention now is directed
towards identification of anticancer activity of natural products such as cardiac
glycosides. In this study, the major cardiac glycosides in Acokantheraoppostifolia
plant were isolated and then tested for several investigations of anticancer activity on
A549 cells and also evaluated for effects induced when these cardiac glycosides were
combined with the traditional chemotherapeutic agents used as treatment for
(NSCLC) Non-small cell lung cancer. The plant was extracted by 95% ethanol then
fractionation and isolation resulted in 500mg of white needle crystals of cardiac
glycosides which were identified through NMR spectroscopy that indicate to a major
cardiac glycoside called Acovenoside A. several anticancer investigation were done
for the isolated cardiac glycosides and the traditional chemotherapy and for
combinations of them as viability and cytotoxicity assays. Investigations on cardiac
glycosides indicated to IC50 of 395.901ug/ml while IC50 of taxol and carboplatin
were 66.07ug/ml and 230.18ug/ml respectively with significant reduction in cell
viability. Same investigations were done for different combination protocola as taxol
and carboplatin that result in reduction in cell viability to 87.5%, 85.38%, 95.4% and
95.67%. While other combinations that include cardiac glycoside with taxol result in
reduction in cell viability to 32.3% but with carboplatin results in 49.15% cell
viability. The triple combination that include the three drugs results in 21.09% cell
viability which indicate to the value of adding cardiac glycoside to the regimen.
Flowcytometic analysis was done by Annexin V-FITC Assay Protocol that proved
that cardiac glycoside in combinations induce preG apoptosis and cell growth arrest in
different cell cycle phases depending on the composition of the combination.
