Adipocyte of Obese Breast Cancer Patients Is Characterized by The Overexpression of Caveolin-1 Protein/Mediator the Main Constituent of the Plasma Membrane Vesicles Caveolae That Contain Proteins Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading mortality cause due to poor survival rates compared to lung cancer all over the world. Recently, lifestyle increased obesity among the population globally. Since, the adipose tissues (AT) are the major contributor to the volume of the breast and adipocytes cells, which constitute AT are one of the major prominent cells play an effective role in cancer progression via releasing different mediators and adipokines. Thus, AT may display a crucial role in BC progression, especially in obese patients compared to non-obese patients, which characterized by increased AT. Interestingly, adipocytes are characterized by expressing caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein. Cav-1 constitutes the lipid raft of caveola which contains different proteolytic enzymes inducing cancer metastasis. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to explore the level of expression of Cav-1 protein in the tissue specimen of 5 non-obese vs. 15 obese patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoblotting techniques. Our finding demonstrates that the level of Cav-1expression was statistically significantly low in non-obese compared to obese BC patients (p < 0.05). Herein, our results revealed that the highest expression of Cav-1 in obese patients compared to non-obese (control) patients can be considered as a biomarker for BC patients.