Abstract:
Leukemia is among the main causes of death in the world. The most important etiology of
leukemia is malignant transformation of myeloid or lymphoid cells to primary undifferentiated cells
includingacute myeloid leukemia (AML). Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous
disease in terms of diverse cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Although there has been a
significant improvement in the overall survival rate of adult AML patients from 30 to 73 per cent, still
nearly half of them relapse. Despite significant progress in the treatment of different types of leukemia,
relapse remains a challenging clinical problem that is observed in a number of patients who are often
resistant to chemotherapy and exhibit multi-drug resistance.Therefore, it is essential to identify new
predictive factors of response to treatment or relapse, especially for high-risk patients with a greater
potential for non-response to treatment. Detection of new and effective factors capable of differentiating
between good and poor prognoses is of great importance for determining the prognosis of the disease and
relapse at diagnosis. Recently, microRNAs especially (MiRNA-125b) have attracted much attention from
researchers in a variety of cancers, including leukemia. In our study, it has shown that the ectopic
expression of microRNAs affects the expression of drug resistance and relapse-associated genes. Altered
microRNA expression profiles can turn these molecules into oncogenes or tumor suppressors, which
affect the expression of relapse-related genes.