El-Feky G.S.El-Naa M.M.Mahmoud A.A.Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyPharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research DivisionNational Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt; October University for Modern Sciences and ArtsEgypt; Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyFayoum UniversityEgypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical IndustriesFuture UniversityCairoEgypt2020-01-092020-01-09201917732247https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.036PubMed ID :https://t.ly/YZR0YScopusColchicine (CL) is the most effective treatment of acute gout, however, it is associated with side effects in 80% of the patients at therapeutic doses, in addition, it's a water-soluble strong base (pKa ?12.8) which ionizes at physiological gastrointestinal pH resulting in low oral bioavailability of 44%. This work employed enhancing the bioavailability and reducing the side effects of CL through combining the benefits of the transdermal route together with those of elastic lipid nano-vesicles. Transfersomes (TRs) have been studied as vehicles for transdermal drug delivery, however, poor encapsulation of drugs and drug leaking of the vesicles required complexation of CL with ?-cyclodextrin (?-CD) before formulation. The composition of the designed CL-?-CD-TR was studied to balance the flexibility of the vesicles to their entrapment ability. CL-?-CD-TR were characterized for their shape, size, entrapment efficiency, elasticity, release profile, ex vivo skin permeation, pharmacological efficacy, and histopathological effect. Encapsulation efficiency of CL-?-CD complex in the vesicular formulations ranged from 42.3% to 93.8%. Particle size ranged from 70.6 nm to 138.5 nm and zeta potential ranged from 16.1 mV to 23.4 mV. The in vitro release of CL from the selected CL-?-CD-TR formulation (F3) showed a controlled, biphasic profile. Ex vivo study reported the great potential of F3 (CL-?-CD-TR) for skin permeation. In vivo experiment demonstrated that F3 (CL-?-CD-TR) possessed high biological efficacy with reduced skin irritation. � 2018 Elsevier B.V.EnglishOctober University for Modern Sciences and ArtsUniversity for Modern Sciences and ArtsMSA Universityجامعة أكتوبر للعلوم الحديثة والآدابColchicineIn vivo studyLipid vesiclesTransdermal?-cyclodextrinbeta cyclodextrincolchicinedrug carriertransfersomeunclassified druganimal experimentanimal modelArticlecontrolled studydrug bioavailabilitydrug delivery systemdrug efficacydrug formulationdrug penetrationdrug releasedrug solubilityelasticityex vivo studyhistopathologyin vitro studylipid vesiclemalenanoencapsulationnonhumanparticle sizeratskin permeabilityzeta potentialArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.036PubMed ID :