., Azza Gaber Antar Farag a, Eman Abd-Elfatah Badr b, Banan Mohamed Gamal Abd-Elaty c, Nada Farag Elnaidany d, Mai Medhat Mohamed Ghanem a,2024-03-142024-03-142024-03https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.003http://repository.msa.edu.eg/xmlui/handle/123456789/5890a Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt b Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt c Dermatology Department, Sers El-Lian General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sers El-Lian, Menoufia, Egypt d Clinical Pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern Sciences and Arts University, 6TH October, EgyptBackground: Alopecia Areata (AA) is an acquired autoimmune form of non-scarring hair loss. Adiponectin and its gene polymorphism were related to many autoimmune disorders. Objective: Assessment of adiponectin serum levels and adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) (rs2241766) Single Nucleoid Polymorphism (SNP) in AA patients and correlating the results with the disease severity in those patients. Methods: This study included 75 AA patients and 75 age and gender-matched healthy subjects (controls). The severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score assessment to evaluate AA severity was done. Adiponectin serum levels by ELISA and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) SNP using PCR were performed. Results: Adiponectin serum levels were significantly lower in AA patients than controls (p = 0.001). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype and G allele were significantly predominant in AA patients increasing its risk by 5 and 4 folds (OR = 5.17, p = 0.001), (OR = 3.82, p = 0.001) respectively. Serum adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with SALT score (r = -0.435, p = 0.001) and associated with alopecia totalis (p = 0.016). ADIPOQ (rs2241766) TG genotype was significantly associated with low serum adiponectin levels and higher SALT score (p = 0.001). Study limitations: The small sample size. Conclusions: ADIPOQ (rs2241766) gene polymorphism (TG genotype and G allele) may modulate AA risk and contribute to the development of AA in Egyptian populations. Decreased circulating adiponectin levels may have a dynamic role in AA etiopathogenesis. Adiponectin serum concentration can be considered a severity marker of hair loss in AA. © 2023 Sociedade Brasileira de DermatologiaenAdiponectin; Alopecia areata; GeneticsADIPOQ gene; adult; alopecia areata; Article; blood pressure; body mass; case control study; clinical feature; controlled study; disease severity; Egyptian; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; gene; gene frequency; genetic association; genotype; hair loss; human; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; risk factor; scoring system; severity of Alopecia Tool score; single nucleotide polymorphismArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.05.003