Ahmad MustafaShah FaisalJaswinder SinghBoutaina RezkiKaran KumarVijayanand S. MoholkarOzben KutluAhmed AboulmagdHamdy Khamees ThabetZeinhom M. El-BahyOguzhan DerCassamo Ussemane MussagyLuigi di BitontoMushtaq AhmadCarlo Pastore2024-11-092024-11-092024-11-01https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.104065https://repository.msa.edu.eg/handle/123456789/6207This review manuscript delves into lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as a sustainable energy source, addressing the global demand for renewable alternatives amidst increasing oil and gas consumption and solid waste production. LCB, consisting of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, is versatile for biochemical and thermochemical conversions like anaerobic digestion, fermentation, gasification, and pyrolysis. Recent advancements have led to a 25 % increase in bioethanol yields through alkali pre-treatment and optimized fermentation, a 20 % enhancement in microbial delignification efficiency, and a 35 % improvement in enzyme efficiency via nanobiotechnology. These innovations enhance biofuel production sustainability and cost-effectiveness. Decentralized energy systems utilizing locally produced biomass can reduce transmission losses and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 30 %, fostering community energy independence. These developments significantly contribute to global sustainability and socio-economic development by converting waste into valuable energy, promoting environmental stewardship, and supporting economic resilience. Furthermore, this review also discusses innovative strategies to address technological, economic, and environmental challenges and highlights the role of decentralized solutions in promoting sustainable energy production.enCircular EconomyDecentralized Energy SystemsLignocellulosic BiomassSustainable BiofuelsThermochemical and Biochemical ConversionArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.104065