Moharram F.A.-E.Al-Gendy A.A.El-Shenawy S.M.Ibrahim B.M.Zarka M.A.Helwan UniversityDepartment of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyCairo11795Egypt; Zagazig UniversityDepartment of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyZagazig44519Egypt; National Research CenterDepartment of PharmacologyDokkiCairo12622Egypt; Modern Sciences and Arts UniversityDepartment of PharmacognosyFaculty of Pharmacy6 October CityEgypt; Modern University for Technology and InformationDepartment of PharmacognosyFaculty of PharmacyCairoEgypt2020-01-092020-01-09201814726882https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2260-3PubMed ID 29976187https://t.ly/LZK2YScopusBackground: Pimenta racemosa tree has many traditional uses where its leaves are used as herbal tea for treatment of flatulence, gastric disorder, osteoarthritis, colds and fever in addition to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. So, this study aimed to isolate phenolic constituents of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of leaves and evaluate its biological activities. Methods: The defatted AME was chromatographed and structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using UV, NMR spectroscopy and UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was investigated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan - induced paw oedema, while antinociceptive activity was determined by chemical and thermal stimuli. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of AME against gastric damage induced by ethanol in Wister male albino rats was evaluated. Also, hepatoprotective activity was investigated through determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following oral administration of paracetamol. Both of Anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.wt.) were supported by histopathological examinations. Results: Gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), avicularin (3), quercetin 3-O-?-D-arbinopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetrin (6), cynaroside (7), strictinin (8), castalagin (9), grandinin (10) quercetin (11) and ellagic acid (12) were isolated. AME showed significant radical scavenging activity (SC50 = 4.6 ?g/mL), promising anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of oedema and antinociceptive activity by reduction in number of writhes after acetic acid injection and prolongation of reaction time towards the thermal stimulus. AME reduced the gastric mucosal lesions compared with ethanol control and ranitidine groups, ALT at the three doses and AST only at 125 and 250 mg/kg b.wt., when compared with paracetamol group. The results were confirmed by histopathological studies. Conclusion:P. racemosa leaves are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant biological activities. � 2018 The Author(s).EnglishAnti-inflammatoryAnti-ulcerogenicAntinociceptiveHepatoprotectiveMyrtaceaePhenolic compoundsPimenta racemosa1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazylacetic acidacetylsalicylic acidalanine aminotransferasealcoholaspartate aminotransferaseavicularinecastalaginellagic acidflavonoidgallic acidgallic acid methyl estergrandininindometacinluteolin 7 glucosidemethanolparacetamolphenol derivativePimenta racemosa extractplant extractplant medicinal productquercetinquercetin 3 o beta dextro arabinopyranosidequercetin 3 o beta dextro glucopyranosidequercetrinranitidinesilymarinstrictinintramadolunclassified druganalgesic agentantiinflammatory agentphenol derivativeplant extractprotective agentadultalanine aminotransferase blood levelanalgesic activityanimal experimentanimal modelanimal tissueantiinflammatory activityantioxidant activityantiulcer activityaqueous solutionArticleaspartate aminotransferase blood levelcarrageenan-induced paw edemachromatographycontrolled studyDPPH radical scavenging assaydrug dose comparisondrug isolationdrug structureelectrospray mass spectrometryethanol-induced gastric ulcerfemaleheat stresshistopathologyhot plate testliver diseaseliver protectionmalemousenonhumannuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopynumber of writhesphysical chemistryphytochemistryPimentaPimenta racemosaplant leafratresponse timestomach mucosa lesionultra performance liquid chromatographyultraviolet spectroscopyWistar ratwrithing testanimalanimal behaviorchemistrydrug effectedemaliverpathologypathophysiologyplant leafstomachAnalgesicsAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsBehavior, AnimalEdemaFemaleLiverMalePhenolsPimentaPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesProtective AgentsRatsRats, WistarStomachArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2260-3PubMed ID 29976187