Wasfi R.Elkhatib W.F.Ashour H.M.Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyOctober University for Modern Sciences and ArtsGizaEgypt; Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyAin Shams UniversityCairoEgypt; Department of Pharmacy PracticeSchool of PharmacyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUnited States; Department of Biological SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of South Florida St. PetersburgSt. PetersburgFLUnited States; Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt2020-01-092020-01-09201620452322https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38929PubMed ID 28004732https://t.ly/ndvqjScopusKlebsiella pneumonia infection rates have increased dramatically. Molecular typing and virulence analysis are powerful tools that can shed light on Klebsiella pneumonia infections. Whereas 77.7% (28/36) of clinical isolates indicated multidrug resistant (MDR) patterns, 50% (18/36) indicated carpabenem resistance. Gene prevalence for the AcrAB efflux pump (82.14%) was more than that of the mdtK efflux pump (32.14%) in the MDR isolates. FimH-1 and mrkD genes were prevalent in wound and blood isolates. FimH-1 gene was prevalent in sputum while mrkD gene was prevalent in urine. Serum resistance associated with outer membrane protein coding gene (traT) was found in all blood isolates. IucC, entB, and Irp-1 were detected in 32.14%, 78.5% and 10.7% of MDR isolates, respectively. We used two Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analyses: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ERIC-PCR revealed 21 and RAPD-PCR revealed 18 distinct patterns of isolates with similarity ?80%. ERIC genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns and virulence determinants. RAPD genotyping significantly correlated with resistance patterns but not with virulence determinants. Both RAPD and ERIC genotyping methods had no correlation with the capsule types. These findings can help up better predict MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreaks associated with specific genotyping patterns. � The Author(s) 2016.Englishbacterial proteinclinical trialEgyptfemalegeneticsgenotyping techniquehospitalhumanisolation and purificationKlebsiella infectionKlebsiella pneumoniaemalemulticenter studymultidrug resistancepathogenicityBacterial ProteinsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEgyptFemaleGenotyping TechniquesHospitalsHumansKlebsiella InfectionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeMaleArticlehttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep38929PubMed ID 28004732