Lotfy Kansoh, AmanyShafik Afifi, ManalDawood Elgindi, OmaymaOmar Bakr, Reham2020-02-232020-02-232009Adams, RP. 1989. Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectroscopy. Academic press Inc., Illinois, USA. Ardakani, MS., Mosaddegh, M. and Shafaati, A. 2003. Volatile constituents from the aerial part of Verbena officinalis L. (Vernain). Iranian. J. pharmaceutical research. 39-43. Bauer, AW., Kirby, WMM., Sheriss, JC. and Turck, M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am. J. Clinic, Path. 45:493-495. Burkill, HM., Dalziel, JM. and Hutchinson, J. 1985. The useful plants of West Tropical Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, (2nd edition). Cimanga, K., Kambu, K., Tona , L., Apers, S., De Bruyne, T., Hermans, N., Totte, J., Pieters, L. and Vlietinck, AJ. 2002. Correlation between chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of some aromatic medicinal plants growing in the Democratic Republic of Congo. J. Ethnopharmacol. 79 (2):213-219. Dixon, RA., Dey, PM. and Lamb, CJ. 1983. Phytoalexins: enzymology and molecular biology. Adv. Enzymol. 55:1- 7. Elsohly, HN., Joshi, AS. and Nimrod, AC. 1999. Antigiardial isoflavones from Machaerium aristulatum. Plant Med. 65(5):490-494. Ginzbarg, S. 1977. Plantas medicinales de los indios bribris y cabécar. Am.Indigena. 37:367- 370. Heinrich, M., Rimpler, H. and Barrera, HNA. 1992. Indigenous phytotherapy of gastrointestinal disorders in a low land mixe community Oaxaca, Mexico. J. Ethnopharm. 36:63-68. Hickey, M. and King, C. 1997. Common Families of Flowering Plants. International Legume Database and Information Service. Cambridge University. Table 6. The MIC of methanolic and chloroformic extracts of Tipuana tipu leaves, pods and volatile oil of flowers. MIC of Tipuana tipu extracts mg/ml Microorganism Classification Leaves Pods MeOH CHCl3 MeOH CHCl3 Volatile oils Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive bacterium 0.2 0.2 - - 0.05% Escherichia coli Gram negative bacterium 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.05% Candida albicans Yeast 0.6 - 0.4 0.4 0.05% Aspergillus niger Fungi 0.4 0.4 0.6 - 0.05% %: concentration of the volatile oil (v/v). Table 7. In vitro testing for cytotoxic effect of the methanolic and the chloroformic extracts of Tipuana tipu on different cell lines. * % inhibition of cell viability Cell line Sample 10µg/ml 5µg/ml 2.5µg/ml 1µg/ml **IC50 Methanolic extract 44.6 30.7 27.5 12.3 -ve HELA Chloroformic extract 52.6 50.4 44.6 40.4 5.45 µg Volatile oil 50 45.8 42.3 40.5 5.3 µg Methanolic extract 57.3 53.6 43.1 12.4 4.30 µg MCF7 Chloroformic extract 61.4 52.4 39.3 34.8 4.56 µg Volatile oil 60.2 53.5 44.5 30.6 4.6 µg Methanolic extract 51.3 39.7 30.9 29 9.97 µg HCT116 Chloroformic extract 30.8 27 27.4 13.2 -ve Volatile oil 50.3 44.5 40.4 28.3 4.5 µg *Each result is a mean of three tests **IC50 : dose of the compound which reduces survival to 50%. 668 Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Joly, LG., Guerra, S., Septimo, R., Soli, SPN., Correa, M., Gupta, M., Levy, S. and Sandberg, F. 1987. Ethnobotanical inventory of medicinal plants used by the Guayami Indians in Western Panama. Part I. J. Ethnopharmacol. 20:145-149. Lewis, G., Schrire, B., MacKinder, B. and Lock, M (eds.). 2005. Legumes of the world. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, UK. Maestri, DM, Fortunato, RT., Guzman, CA., Torres, MM. and Lamarque, AL. 2002. Seed compositional studies of some species of Papilionoideae (leguminosae) native to Argentina. J. Sci. Food. Agriculture. 82(3):248- 244. Mazzanti, G., Battinelli, L. and Salvatore, G. 1998. Antimicrobial properties of the linalool-rich essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis L. var. decumbens (Lamiaceae). Flav. Fragr. J. 13:289- 293. McLafferty, FW. and Turecek, F. 1993. Interpretation of Mass Spectra, (4th edition). University Science Books, Mill Valley, California, USA. Paech and Tracey 1955. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis IV. Berlin, Gottingen, Heidelberg. Pepeljnjak, S., Kosalec, I., Kalodera, Z. and Blazevic, N. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae. Acta. Pharm. 55:417- 423. Sanches, NR., Cortez, DAG., Schiavini, MS., Nakamura. CV. and Filho, BPD. 2005. An evaluation of antibacterial activities of Psidium guajava. Braz. arch. biol. technol. 48(3):429-423. Seo, EK., Kim, NC., Mi, Q., Chai, H., Wall, ME., Wani, MC., Navarro, HA., Burgess, JP., Graham, JG., Cerbieses, F., Tan, GT., Farnsworth, NR., Pezzuto, JM. and Kinghorn, D. 2001. Two Cytotoxic Compounds from the Stem of Machaerium aristulatum. J. Nat. Prod. 64:1483-1488. Skehan, P., Storeng, R., Scudiero, D., Monks, A., McMahon, J., Vistica, D., Warren, JT., Bokesch, H., Kenney, S. and Boyd. MR. 1990. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82:1107- 1110. Stenhagen, E., Abrahamsson, S. and McLafferty, FW. 1970. Atlas of Mass Spectral Data. John Wiley and sons, New York, USA. Suchiya, H., Sato, M., Miyazaki, T., Fujiwara, S., Tanigaki, S., Ohyama, M., Tanaka, T. and Iinuma, M. 1996. Comparative study on the antibacterial activity of phytochemical flavanones against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 50:27-31. Vogel, AI. 1961. Practical Organic Chemistry, (3rd edition). Longmans Private LTD, Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, India. Waage, SK., Hedin, PA. and Grimley, E. 1984. A biologically active procyanidin from Machaerium floribundum. Phytochemistry. 23(12):2785-2788. Wilkins, TD., Holdeman, JJ., Abramson, IJ. and Moore, WEC. 1972. Standardized single-disc method for antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. I. 1(6):451-455. Yamaguchi, K. 1970. Spectral Data of Natural Compounds. Elservier Publishing Co., New York, USA. Yayli, N., Guleç, C., Úçűncű, OS., Yaşar, A., Ulker, S., Coşkunçelebi, K. and Terzioğlu, S. 2006. Composition and antimicrobial activities of volatile components of Minuartia meyeri. Turk. J. Chem. 30:71-74. Yff, BTS., Lindsey, KL., Taylor, MB., Erasmus, DG. and Jager, AK. 2002. Pharmacological screening of Pentanisia prunelloides and isolation of the anti-bacterial compound palmitic acid. J. Ethnopharmacol. 79:101-109.1715-9997https://doi.org/https://t.ly/Ggr2BMSA Google ScholarHydrodistillation of the flowers of Tipuana tipu yielded 0.5% v/w of oil. Eighteen components were identified by GC/MS analysis and Perhydro-farnesyl (32.17%) was the major constituent. Qualitative a and quantitative analysis of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter using GC/MS revealed the presence of fifteen fatty acids in leaves and fourteen in pods. Decosane was the major identified hydrocarbon representing (17.6%) in leaves and (12.72%) in pods. .The leaf extract and volatile oil of flowers showed a broad spectrum antimicrobial effect, while pods extract showed obvious activity on Escherichia coli (gram –ve bacterium) and yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanolic and chloroformic extracts of leaves and pods were ranged from 0.2-0.6 mg/ml while volatile oil of flowers was 0.05. Leaf extract was found to be stable at 37ºC for 25 h and the remaining activity was 72% to 86%. The activity against all tested microorganisms was completely lost after incubation at 50ºC for 15 h. Storage at room temperature (25ºC) for three months in air tight glass bottle retains the activity. The exposure of the isolated fractions to different pH (2 to 12) for 15 min incubation period showed that fractions retain about 52% to 74% of the activity at pH 2 and 45% to 65% at pH 8 and a complete loss in activity was observed at pH 12. The methanolic extract showed an obvious cytotoxic activity against breast and colon carcinoma cell lines, while the chloroformic extract showed cytotoxic activity against breast and cervix carcinoma cell lines. The volatile oil showed significant cytotoxic activity against the three examined cell lines.enUniversity of Tipuana tipu, fabaceae, volatile oil, lipoidal constituents, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic activityArticlehttps://doi.org/