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Egyptian Dental journal, 53: 2225:2236, 2007. • Zhang, C.; Cotter, M.; Lawton, A.; Oakley, B.; Wong, L. and Zeng, Q.: Keratin 18 is associated with a subset of older taste cells in the rat. Differentiation, 59(3): 155-162, 1995.https://t.ly/63XNOMSA Google ScholarThis study was done to compare foliate papillae in animals with different feeding behavior; Rabbit (Lagomorpha) a hind-gut small herbivore; Dog (Carnivora) a hind-gut omnivore; Donkey (Perissodactyla) a hind-gut large herbivore; Goat (Artiodactyla) a fore-gut herbivore. From gross anatomy, histological, immunohistochemical and scanning electron microscopy studies, it could be concluded that the epithelium of the foliate papillae was non-keratinized in rabbit and dog, para-keratinized in donkey, due to the dry hay diet, ortho-keratinized in goat leaf-like papillae, due to the presence of papillae over the surface and its exposure to high mechanical stresses. The taste buds were present in rabbit, dog and donkey foliate papillae and absent in goat leaf-like papillae. The taste bud structure, shape and size were nearly the same in rabbit, dog and donkey from a histological view, They differed in distribution. The taste buds were positive to anti-cytokeratin 18 in rabbit and donkey and negative in dog. The ridges as well as grooves of the foliate papillae were widest at the donkey then the dog then the rabbit, due to the relative size difference in the three animals. The salivary glands associated with foliate papillae were large in number in dog, due to panting then donkey to facilitate eating of dry hay more than rabbit and goat. The blood capillaries were more in the dog, due to panting and heat regulation then in donkey, due to the need to supply glands to facilitate eating of dry hay. Inflammatory cells were most common in donkey than dog, due to the wide grooves with large amount of food and antigens. The tongue papillae functionally adapt according to the type of food consumed and the nutritional habits of the mammals.enUniversity of HistologyArticle