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Sci China Ser C Life Sci 48(6):551–564 CrossRefGoogle Scholar Žurovcová MA, Havelka JAN, Starý PETR, Vcchtová PA, Chundelová DA (2010) “DNA barcoding” is of limited value for identifying adelgids (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) but supports traditional morphological taxonomy. Eur J Entomol 107:147–1562536-9342https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41938-018-0038-zAccession Number: WOS:000436822700001The Hymenoptera is one of the vital and biggest insect orders comprising the bees, wasps, sawflies, and ants. Wasps are important to natural and biological pest control because they are predators or parasitoids of pest arthropods. This study investigated the genetic diversity among the three wasps, Vespa orientalis Linnaeus, Polistes bucharensis Erichson, and Polistes mongolicus du Buysson, collected from three different governorates in Egypt, using cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA barcoding. PCR was performed to amplify COI fragment. The amplified COI regions (710 bp) were sequenced and analyzed. All novel nucleotide sequences of COI gene were deposited into the GenBank database. The genetic distances were estimated using Kimura two-parameter model. In spite of the wide geographical range, minor genetic diversity was observed between some populations of the three wasp species, revealing unrestricted gene flow between them. Phylogenetic relationship analysis was performed, using maximum likelihood (ML) method. The results of the phylogenetic analyses recovered P. bucharensis more closely related to P. dominula and P. gallicus. P. mongolicus collected from Menofia Governorate formed a distinct branch with 99% support. V. orientalis was sister to the yellowjacket Dolichovespula adulterine, with 84% support. It can be concluded that DNA barcode is a powerful tool for rapid and accurate identification of Egyptian wasp species.en-USUniversity for COIEgyptDIVERSITYCLASSIFICATIONLARVAECOLEOPTERA;POPULATIONSVESPINAEPOLISTESPAPER WASPSINSECTA HYMENOPTERADNA BARCODESPhylogenyHymenopteraVespidaeArticle